1. Carboxylic Anhydrides, Esters and Amides

2. Naming Anhydrides Drop the word acid and say anhydride

3. Naming Esters Name the alkyl group bonded to the oxygen Then name the acid part but change the ending from oic acid to oate

4. Naming Amides Drop the oic acid part and say amide

5. Formation of Esters

6. Amides: Preparation Addition of ammonia results in an ammonium salt: ammonium salt Heating will remove a water and give the Amid This is not the most common way

7. Formation of Amides Anhydride + amine = amide + acid http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f4I2S0jUoh4 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G-k08VVz0Vc Do The YouTube

8. Reactions Hydrolysis of esters with acid Hydrolysis of esters with base (saponification) Reaction of Anhydrides with Alcohol Reaction of Esters with ammonia

9. Hydrolysis of Ester with Acid Hydrolysis breaks a carboxyl bond by addition of water, alcohol, or amine

10. Hydrolysis of Esters Hydrolysis = Reverse of esterification –Acid or base catalyzed –Produces acid and alcohol 1 o alcohol B

11. Hydrolysis of Esters with Base Base catalyzed hydrolysis (saponification) 1 o alcohol B

12. Reaction of Anhydrides with Alcohols EsterAcid

13. Reaction of Esters with Ammonia

14. Phosphoric Anhydrides Anhydrides of Phosphoric Acid The phosphorus structure is very common in biological systems For example - the phosphate portion of DNA B anhydride form H 3 PO 4

15. Phosphoric Anhydrides Anhydrides of Phosphoric Acid B

16. Phosphoric Anhydrides Anhydrides of Phosphoric Acid –Contain HIGH ENERGY bonds (linkages) Release of energy when broken B

17. Phosphoric Anhydrides Anhydrides of Phosphoric Acid –Esters found in Biochem reactions –ATP, ADP, etc. 1 o alcohol B As these bonds break, energy is released.