1. Combining Electric Power Generation and Water Quality Enhancement to Grow the Southwest Missouri Economy Agriculture as a Producer and Consumer of Energy June 24-25, 2004 Arlington, VA Verel W. Benson D. Todd Farrand

2. Current Energy Reserves and Consumption

3. A Little Energy Use History

4. Objectives estimate the poultry litter produced estimate the amount of litter safely recycled as fertilizer determine the feasibility of generating power from biomass estimate the likely economic and environmental impacts

5. Source: 1997 Census of Agriculture Phosphorus in Harvested Crops Crop P (tons) 0 - 250 250 - 500 500 - 1000 1000 - 2500 > 2500 Commercial P (tons) 0 - 250 250 - 500 500 - 1000 1000 - 2500 > 2500 Commercial Phosphorus Sold Source: MU Agricultural Experiment Station Manure P (tons) 0 - 250 250 - 500 500 - 1000 1000 - 2500 > 2500 Potential Phosphorus Available from Confined Animal Manures Source: 1997 Census of Agriculture Balancing Phosphorus Needs and Sources For Crop Production

6. Litter Supply - Purdy

7. Poultry Byproducts Field Demonstrations Litter Hauling Litter Spreading Nutrient Testing

8. Litter Demonstration Area Dale Norwood Farm First Litter Demonstration Second Litter Demonstration Lamar about 5 miles

9. Demonstration Harvesting

10. Demonstration Yield Comparison Poultry Litter N-P-K Applications by Strip Corn Year 1 Commercial Fertilizer Soybeans Year 2 Commercial Fertilizer

11. Second Litter Demonstration  Commercial Fertilizer  Organic-Gro Pearlized litter  Treated Litter Pellets  Thermal Depolymerization Fertilizer Byproduct

12. Potential Energy from Biomass Burn poultry litter On farm furnace to heat houses Power plant Co-fire with coal Co-fire with wood byproducts Thermal Conversion Process (Depolymerization)

13. Heating with Poultry Litter

14. Poultry House Heating can be a Complex Issue Energy Loss from Roof & Walls Energy is required to evaporate moisture from litter Ventilation Loss 85°F Air holds twice as much moisture as 65°F air Ventilation needs cut in half at 85°F Early 1970’s the recommended broiler house temperature was 65°F Recommendation was changed to 75-80°F

15. Poultry Litter Furnace Advanced Biomass Carbon, LLC, Owensville, MO

16. Considerations for On-farm Litter Burning  Heating demands are seasonal  Heating demands concentrated in the first two weeks of growth

17. Producing Energy from Poultry & Forestry Byproducts

18. How Much Poultry Litter would It take to Fuel a Power Plant? 250,000 tons poultry litter/year 150,000 tons Forestry biomass 40MW Fibrowatt Option

19. SW Missouri Growers produce 250,000 tons of litter per year

20. Litter Supply – Springfield Site Tons of Poultry Litter

21. Arkansas and Virginia Studies Estimate litter hauling costs to be 10 to 12 cents per ton/mile

22. Estimated Cost per Btu from Coal & Poultry Litter Springfield, MO

23. Thermal Conversion Process (Depolymerization) Current inputs- offal (bird processing wastes), and dead birds Future inputs- dead animals, poultry litter, and other biological byproducts Outputs Fuel oil Liquid nitrogen fertilizer Solid organic fertilizer Phosphorus Potassium Calcium Micronutrients Water BSE proteins denatured Carthage Animal Byproduct Processing Plant

24. Economic and Environmental Impacts Consumer impacts Farm impacts Watershed impacts Regional impacts

25. Source:USDA, ERS Prior to Vertical Integration Vertical Integration A Chicken in every pot meant wealth Now Chicken is in pots, sandwiches, hot dogs, sausage, fried, baked, grilled, ??????????? POULTRY HISTORY

26. Consumer Savings Source:USDA, ERS Potential Consumer Savings/lb

27. Farm Impacts Poultry production impacts nearby grain producers Nearby grain producers have greatest potential to recycle poultry litter fertilizer byproducts

28. Corn Price Effect of Poultry Feed Demand

29. Watershed Impacts Reduce fecal Coliform load Reduce phosphorus load Biomass production

31. Where is Shoal Creek? N EW S WRB & Border Counties WhiteRiver Basin Shoal Creek It’s right here

32. Fecal Coliform Load Contributions by Source Model results for Shoal Creek Watershed

33. Runoff P when no litter is applied 25-30% decrease in 50 years

34. Riparian Buffers Buffers trap Sediment Phosphorus Fecal coliform Buffers Produce Biomass

35. Potential Biomass Buffers- Springfield Site Potential Acres of Buffers Biomass Production expected to be 5-10 tons/acre per year

36. Biomass Compressed to Less than 50 % of Original Volume Methodology developed by University of Missouri-Columbia Capsule Pipeline Research Center to compress coal Compressed biomass is easier to transport and store Cost is estimated to be $5 to $8 per ton Prototype machine for compressing forest byproducts and poultry litter will be designed next year with plans to construct and test a prototype with the next 2 years

37. Loss of Poultry Industry -$1.8 Billion -16,000 Jobs Regional Economic Impacts of Choices Loss of Recreation Industries -$1.4 Billion -34,000 Jobs Develop A Litter Hauling Recycling Industry $15.9 million 182 jobs Develop an Integrated Agroforestry/ Poultry Litter Recycling Industry that Produces Renewable Energy and Fertilizer Products $?,??? Million ?,??? jobs

38. Thank You Questions ?