1. Best Management Practices for Urban Areas to Manage Phosphorus Identification of existing technologies in the Lake Erie and New Innovations

2. 2 Lake Erie Phosphorus Trends Effective management strategies reduced the point sources Most of TP is from non point sources, including allochthonous and autochthonous sources

3. 3 Lake Erie Phosphorus Trends Daloglu et al. In press The proportion of bioavailable DRP is increasing since 1995 New research questions: source of DRP ? (watershed and/or internal)

4. Best Management Practices for Urban Areas to Manage Phosphorus Identification of existing technologies in the Lake Erie and New Innovations Non structural BMPs: Education, awareness, buffer zones, green spaces, regulation (fertilizers) Structural BMPs: Non point sources: Filtrations, riparian zones, green roofs, wetlands Point sources: WWTP (primary to tertiary), 33 systems covering the range of treatment and size. Lake Erie watershedLake Simcoe Lake Winnipeg USA EU