1. http://www.theodoregray.com/PeriodicTable/Posters/index.html

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3. Metals Location: to left of “stairs” (except H) Properties: shiny, silver/gray, malleable (can be pounded into thin sheets), ductile (can be formed into a wire), conductors of electricity & heat Examples: Fe, Sn, Pb, Na, Au, Ag Metalloids Location: next to/bordering “stairs” (except Al or Po) Properties: have both metal and nonmetal like characteristics Examples: B, Si, Ge, Sb Nonmetals Location: to right of “stairs”(& H) Properties: dull, brittle, non- conductors of heat & electricity Examples:O,H,C He, S, F, Cl Note “A” & “B” groupings: “A” = representative elements “B” = non-representative elements

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6. low densities and low melting points. All the alkali metals are silvery solids with The Group 1 elements have a specific family name—alkali metals. These elements increase in their reactivity, or tendency to combine with other substances, as you move from top to bottom. Group 1-Alkali Metals

8. Group 2-Alkaline Earth Metals Alkaline earth metals are reactive, but not as reactive as the alkali metals.

9. All of them are metals. Industrial magnets are made from an alloy of nickel, cobalt, and aluminum. Nickel is used in batteries along with cadmium. Iron is a necessary part of hemoglobin, the substance that transports oxygen in the blood. Iron also is mixed with other metals and with carbon to create a variety of steels with different properties. Groups 3-12: Transition Elements

10. Uses of Transition Elements Transition Elements Groups 3-12: Transition Elements Chromium’s name comes from the Greek word for color, chrome.

11. There are two series of inner transition elements, also known as “rare earths”. Transition Elements The first series, from cerium to lutetium, is called the lanthanides. The second series of elements, from thorium to lawrencium, is called the actinides. Bottom two rows-InnerTransition Elements

12. The Lanthanides The lanthanides are soft metals that can be cut with a knife. Transition Elements Despite the name rare earth, the lanthanides are not as rare as originally thought. Cerium makes up 50 percent of an alloy called misch (“MIHSH”) metal. Flints in lighters are made from misch metal. Bottom two rows-InnerTransition Elements

13. The Actinides All the actinides are radioactive. Transition Elements Bottom two rows-InnerTransition Elements

14. The Actinides All other actinides are synthetic elements. Synthetic elements are made in laboratories and nuclear reactors. Plutonium is used as a fuel in nuclear power plants. Americium is used in some home smoke detectors. Californium-252 is used to kill cancer cells. Bottom two rows-InnerTransition Elements

15. Cookware made with boron can be moved directly from the refrigerator into the oven without cracking. Group 13—The Boron Family Aluminum is used to make soft-drink cans, cookware, siding for homes, and baseball bats. Gallium is a solid metal, but its melting point is so low that it will melt in your hand. It is used to make computer chips.

16. The nonmetal carbon exists as an element in several forms. You’re familiar with two of them—diamond and graphite. Group 14—The Carbon Family Carbon is followed by the metalloid silicon, an abundant element contained in sand. Sand contains ground up particles of minerals such as quartz, which is composed of silicon and oxygen. Glass is made from sand.

17. Silicon and its Group 14 neighbor, germanium, are metalloids. They are used in electronics as semiconductors. Representative Elements Group 14—The Carbon Family Lead is used to protect your torso during dental X- rays. Tin is used in pewter, toothpaste, and the coating on steel cans used for food.

18. Nitrogen & phosphorus are required by living things and are used to manufacture various items. Group 15—The Nitrogen Family Although almost 80 percent of the air you breathe is nitrogen, you don’t get it by breathing. You get it from plants which get it from bacteria which get it from the air (“nitrogen fixation”). Ammonia is a gas that contains nitrogen & hydrogen; used as a cleaner & refrigerant.

19. Phosphorous compounds are essential ingredients for healthy teeth and bones. Plants also need phosphorus, so it is one of the nutrients in most fertilizers. Group 15—The Nitrogen Family

20. Group 16—The Oxygen Family Polonium 84 Po

21. Group 17—The Halogens fluorine gas (yellow) chlorine gas (green) bromine gas (red) iodine gas (purple)

22. The Group18 elements are called the noble gases. They rarely combine with other elements due to their low reactivity. Group 18—The Noble Gases The “neon” lights you see in advertising signs can contain any of the noble gases, not just neon. Helium glows yellow, neon glows red-orange, and argon produces a bluish-violet color.

23. At the bottom of the group is radon, a radioactive gas produced naturally as uranium decays in rocks and soil. If radon seeps into a home, the gas can be harmful because it continues to emit radiation. When people breathe the gas over a period of time, it can cause lung cancer. Group 18—The Noble Gases