1. Conceptual Design of a Wastewater Treatment Plant for the Municipality of Cotorro, Province of Havana, CUBA 2009 Association for the Study of the Cuban Economy Conference Karen Kajder University of Miami, BSENV, ‘09

2. Outline Background on Cotorro wastewater system Current wastewater system plans in Cotorro Proposed solution to treat Cotorro’s wastewater Cost Analysis Conclusion 2009 ASCE Conference Miami FL2

3. Almendares Watershed Almendares River provides water source for Havana Sources of contamination 2009 ASCE Conference Miami FL3

4. Background: Cotorro, Cuba Population: ~74,500 Population connected to sewer collection system: ~20,000 Cotorro’s domestic wastewater is currently being discharged into upper tributaries of the Almendares River- untreated Vento Aquifer provides about 50% of the potable water for Havana In-operable pump station: wiring and control panels need to be repaired 4 2009 ASCE Conference Miami FL

5. Contour Details 5 2009 ASCE Conference Miami FL

6. Current Plan- funding provided by Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) Build additional sewer collection lines Restore San Pedro pump station Construct holding tank Construct wastewater treatment plant Ultimate Goal  Move water into the Cojimar Watershed 6 2009 ASCE Conference Miami FL

7. Almendares Watershed 7 2009 ASCE Conference Miami FL

8. Methods for Treating Domestic Wastewater 8 2009 ASCE Conference Miami FL

9. Design Process Protect Human Health ◦Cost-effective ◦Easy to use and maintain ◦Incorporate local materials and practices ◦Minimize environmental impacts Advantages/Disadvantages of different unit processes Technical Analysis Cost 9 2009 ASCE Conference Miami FL

10. Three Project Phases Phase I: Preliminary, Primary Treatment and Disinfection ◦Grit Removal ◦Settling Tanks (Clarifiers) ◦Chlorine Gas ◦Sludge Treatment Phase II: Secondary treatment ◦Trickling Filter ◦Settling Tanks Phase III: Tertiary Treatment- Nutrient Removal ◦Nitrogen and Phosphorus 10 2009 ASCE Conference Miami FL

11. Site Layout 11 2009 ASCE Conference Miami FL

12. Effectiveness of the Design Population growth to 2025 (WHO) ◦82,500 people Quality of wastewater assumed from EPA, UN, and Puerto Rico Aqueduct and Sewer Authority With all treatment systems implemented, Class A quality status ◦Rivers and reservoirs that are utilized as a source of potable water for public use and/or industrial use for the processing of food 12 2009 ASCE Conference Miami FL

13. Cost Analysis Look at how much each phase would cost Use cost estimating tables and historical knowledge from similar projects in the U.S. Consider impact on Almendares and Cojimar watersheds 2009 ASCE Conference Miami FL13

14. Description Cumulative Cost (U.S. $m) Benefit to San Francisco and Almendares Rivers Benefit to Cojimar River Comments No action (discharge without treatment to San Francisco River) 0 Status quo: threat to drinking water and ecology N/A Not acceptable. Cost of alternative water supply for Havana is very high. Diversion to Cojimar River without treatment Electric and control panels: $330 K Entire pump station: $2.3 M Removal of public health threat downstream Severe Impairment. Threatens even Class “C” uses Not acceptable Phase 1: Diversion with Primary Treatment $26 Million ($24 +$2.3) Removal of public health threat Impairment. May not meet Class “C” uses Acceptability questionable Phase 2: Diversion with Secondary Treatment $44 Million (18+24+2.3) Removal of public health threat Allows Class “B” uses Acceptable Phase 3: Diversion with Tertiary Treatment $47 Million (3+18+24+2.3) Removal of public health threat Allows Class “A” uses Acceptable 2009 ASCE Conference Miami FL14 **CITATION FOR TABLE****

15. Conclusion The Almendares Watershed needs to be protected to safeguard human health ◦Implementation of three phases will bring wastewater quality up to the highest standards ◦Contamination of the environment will also be avoided- cleaner and more suitable resources for fishing or recreation and tourism ◦Further work should be done with economists to fully understand the impact on the region 2009 ASCE Conference Miami FL15

16. Questions? Thank you! 2009 ASCE Conference Miami FL16

17. Acknowledgements This presentation reflects the collective guidance and review comments from many individuals both within and outside the University of Miami (UM) Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering. The UM senior class project team would like to specifically thank the following individuals and organizations for their valuable time in providing ideas and review comments: University of Miami Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering: ◦ Helena Solo-Gabriele, Ph.D., P.E. CDM (Camp, Dresser & McKee Inc): ◦ Armando Perez, P.E., PhD ◦ Victor Pujals, P.E. ◦ Stefan Haecker, P.E. ◦ Ignacio L. Lizama, P.E. ◦ Bruce Chalmers, P.E. ◦ Layla Llewelyn, P.E. Hazen and Sawyer: ◦ Fernando Chiriboga, P.E. ◦ Peter S. Robinson, P.E. ◦ Jason Payge, P.E. 17 2009 ASCE Conference Miami FL