1. Bartley Christian Church FEED 210 Mentoring Through the Old Testament / FEED 211 Mentoring Through the Pentateuch

3. Session #2A BIRTHING A NATION:EXODUS

4. QUIZ Why were the children so sad when they left Egypt? Ans: Because they have to leave their mummies behind.

5. Theme & Purpose: The faithfulness of God in Saving his people from bondage (Exod. 1-18) –“The exodus is the most significant historical and theological event of the Old Testament because it marks God’s mightiest act in behalf of his people, an act which brought them from slavery to freedom, from fragmentation to solidarity, from people of promise – the Hebrews – to a nation of fulfillment – Israel.” – Merrill 57 Forming a covenanted people (Exod. 19-40).

6. EXODUS: Relationship to Other Books i)Genesis (1)Continuation of the promise (cf. Gen. 15:12-15) ii)The Remaining Old Testament (1)It is also from Exodus in which flows all subsequent Old Testament revelation. iii)The New Testament (1)The exodus typifies that exodus achieved by Jesus Christ for people of faith.

7. OUTLINE OF EXODUS: From Redemption to Covenant 1)REDEMPTION: ISRAEL IN EGYPT (Period: 430 years) a)Reason for Redemption (Chapter 1) I)Amplification of Israel (1:1-7) II)Affliction of Israel (1:8-14) III)Annihilation of Israel (1:15-22) b)Preparation for Redemption (Chapter 2-4) I)Redemption of Moses (2:1-10) II)Redemption plan of Moses (2:11-22) III)Redemption call for Moses (2:23-4:31)

8. OUTLINE OF EXODUS: From Redemption to Covenant c)Confrontation for Redemption (Chapter 5-14) I)Confrontation by Words (5:1-6:9) II)Confrontation by Miracles (6:10-7:13) III)Confrontation by Plagues (7:14-13:22) (1)Blood (7:14-25) (2)Frogs (8:1-15) (3)Gnats (8:16-19) (4)Flies (8:20-32) (5)Livestock (9:1-7) (6)Boils (9:8-12) (7)Hail (9:13-35) (8)Locusts (10:1-20) (9)Darkness (10:21-29) (10)Death of Firstborn (11:1-13:22) IV)Confrontation at the Crossing of the Red Sea (14:1-31) d)Victory Hymn of Redemption (15:1-21) 1)REDEMPTION: ISRAEL IN EGYPT (Period: 430 years)

9. OUTLINE OF EXODUS: From Redemption to Covenant 2)PRESERVATION: ISRAEL IN THE DESERT (Period: 2 months) a)Preservation from Murmurings and Malnourishment I)Preservation from bitter water (15:22-27) II)Preservation from hunger (16:1-36) III)Preservation from thirst (17:1-5) b)Preservation from Threats Without and Within I)Preservation from Invasion (17:6-15) II)Preservation from poor government (18:1-27)

10. 3) COVENANT: ISRAEL AT SINAI (Period: 10 months) a)Reason for Covenant I)To be God’s special people (19:1-8) b)Preparation for Covenant I)Sanctification (19:9-25) c)1 st Set of Covenantal Tablets: Moses’ 1 st 40 Days/Nights on Sinai (20:1-31:18) I)Book of Covenant (20 – 23) (1)Ten Commandments (20:1-26) (2)Civil Regulations (21:1-22:15) (3)Moral Regulations (22:16-23:9) (4)Religious Regulations (23:10-19) (5)Conquest Regulations (23:20-33) II)Commitment to Covenant (24:1-8) III)1 st Manifestation of Glory - to Elders (24:9-18) IV)Instruction on Place of Covenant – The Tabernacle (25:1-31:11) (1)Instructions for Tabernacle (25:1-27:21) (2)Instructions for Priestly garments (28:1-42) (3)Consecration of Priests (29:1-37) (4)More Instructions for Tabernacle (29:38-31:11) V)Sign of Covenant – Sabbath (31:12-18)

11. 3) COVENANT: ISRAEL AT SINAI (Period: 10 months) a)Breaking of Covenant (32:1 –33:6) b)2 nd Set of Covenantal Tablets: Moses’ 2 nd 40 Days/Nights on Sinai I)2 nd Manifestation of Glory - to Moses (33:7-34:9) II)Renewal of Covenant (34:10-35:3) III)Construction of Place of Covenant – The Tabernacle (35:4-40:33) (1)Construction of Tabernacle (35:4-38:29) (2)Priestly Garments (39:1-31) (3)Inspection of Tabernacle (39:32-43) (4)Erection of Tabernacle (40:1-33) c)3 rd Manifestation of Glory – to All (40:34-36)

12. Highlights & Application Lessons EXODUS

13. a) God’s Name (3:13-15) 13 Moses said to God, “Suppose I go to the Israelites and say to them, ‘The God of your fathers has sent me to you,’ and they ask me, ‘What is his name?’ Then what shall I tell them?” 14 God said to Moses, “I AM WHO I AM. This is what you are to say to the Israelites: ‘I AM has sent me to you.’” 15 God also said to Moses, “Say to the Israelites, ‘The LORD, the God of your fathers—the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac and the God of Jacob—has sent me to you.’

14. When Pharaoh shall speak unto you, saying, Show a miracle for you: then thou shalt say unto Aaron, Take thy rod, and cast it before Pharaoh, and it shall become a serpent. (Exodus 7:9) b. THE HARDENING OF PHARAOH’S HEART

15. #Verses God will harden God hardened God has hardened Pharaoh hardened Pharaoh’s heart is hardened 14:21 27:3 37:13 (After changing rod into serpent) 47:14 57:22 (After plague 1: Blood in Nile) 68:15 (After plague 2: frogs) 78:19 (After plague 3: gnats) 88:32 (After plague 4: flies) 99:7 (After plague 5: livestock) 109:12 (After plague 6: boils) 119:34 (After plague 7: hail) 129:35 1310:1 1410:20 (After plague 8: locusts) 1510:27 (After plague 9: darkness) 1611:10 1714:4 (After Israel departed) 1814:8 1914:17 (the Egyptians) Frequency45145 God’s fore knowledge & hardening Pharaoh initiated his own hardening God added to the hardening God confirmed that Pharaoh will harden

16. “Looked at from this side, the hardening was a fruit of sin, a consequence of that self-will, high- mindedness, and pride which flow from sin, and a continuous and ever increasing abuse of that freedom of the will which is innate in man, and which involves the possibility of obstinate resistance to the word and chastisement of God even until death.”[1] [1][1] C. F. Keil and F. Delitzsch, Commentary on the Old Testament in 10 Volumes, vol. 1, The Pentateuch (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1982; reprint, Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1986), 455 (page citations are to the reprint edition).

17. Conclusion: God is sovereign. He is NOT arbitrary In all things –He works for our good. –He is trustworthy –He will save when one is willing to be saved. –He will condemn when one is unwilling to repent. Neither Pharaoh nor Israel acted independently of God but were part of the sovereign plan by which God revealed his power and glory.

18. And the LORD did that thing on the morrow, and all the cattle of Egypt died: but of the cattle of the children of Israel died not one. (Exodus 9:6) And Moses stretched forth his hand toward heaven; and there was a thick darkness in all the land of Egypt three days: (Exodus 10:22) c. THE FIRST NINE PLAGUES (Chapter 7-10)

19. I)Purpose: Yahweh is Lord over all (6:3,7; 7:5; 9:14, 16; 18:11) (1)To deliver Israel so that they may know the Lord (6:7; 10:2)

20. I)Purpose: Yahweh is Lord over all (6:3,7; 7:5; 9:14, 16; 18:11) (1)To deliver Israel so that they may know the Lord (6:7; 10:2) (2)So that Pharaoh and the Egyptians might know that Yahweh is God and that He alone rules over the earth (7:5, 17; 8:10, 22; 9:14, 29; 10:2).

21. I)Purpose: Yahweh is Lord over all (6:3,7; 7:5; 9:14, 16; 18:11) (1)To deliver Israel so that they may know the Lord (6:7; 10:2) (2)So that Pharaoh and the Egyptians might know that Yahweh is God and that He alone rules over the earth (7:5, 17; 8:10, 22; 9:14, 29; 10:2). (3)To discredit the gods of Egypt (12:12)

22. I)Purpose: Yahweh is Lord over all (6:3,7; 7:5; 9:14, 16; 18:11) (1)To deliver Israel so that they may know the Lord (6:7; 10:2) (2)So that Pharaoh and the Egyptians might know that Yahweh is God and that He alone rules over the earth (7:5, 17; 8:10, 22; 9:14, 29; 10:2). (3)To discredit the gods of Egypt (12:12) (4)To discredit the Egyptian magicians

23. I)Purpose: Yahweh is Lord over all (6:3,7; 7:5; 9:14, 16; 18:11) (1)To deliver Israel so that they may know the Lord (6:7; 10:2) (2)So that Pharaoh and the Egyptians might know that Yahweh is God and that He alone rules over the earth (7:5, 17; 8:10, 22; 9:14, 29; 10:2). (3)To discredit the gods of Egypt (12:12) (4)To discredit the Egyptian magicians (5)To discredit Pharaoh

24. GROUP 1GROUP 2GROUP 3 1. Blood - 7:14-25 Warning - Morning/Nile (16-18) Purpose: “Know that I am the LORD.” (17) By Aaron (19-20) Found alternative in well water (7:24) Magicians duplicate through secret arts (22) Pharaoh: Heart hardened (22) Did not take even to heart (23) 4. Flies - 8:20-32 Warning - Morning/Nile (20-23) Sign: Deal differently with the land of Goshen (22) Goshen protected (22) Directly by Yahweh (24) Pharaoh: Promised (28) but heart hardened (32) 7. Hail - 9:13-35 Warning – Morning (13) By Moses (23) Sign: Full force of plagues (14) Worst storm in Egypt (24) Goshen protected (26) Pharaoh: “I have sinned.” (27) Promised (28) but sinned again (34) and Pharaoh and officials’ heart hardened (34-35) 2. Frogs - 8:1-15 Warning - In palace (1-4) By Aaron (6) Magicians duplicate through secret arts (7) Pharaoh: Promised (8) but heart hardened (15) Pharaoh to set the time: God is God over time (9-10) 5. Livestock – 9:1-8 Warning - In palace (1-4) Goshen protected (4) God set the time (5) Directly by Yahweh (6) Pharaoh: Heart unyielding (7) 8. Locusts - 10:1-20 Purpose for Israel (1-3) Warning - In palace (3-6) By Moses (13) Never before such a plague (14) Goshen protected ? (implied) Pharaoh: “I have sinned.” (16-17) Lord hardens Pharaoh’s heart (20) 3. Gnats - 8:16-19 No warning By Aaron (17) Magicians cannot do it (18) “Finger of God” (19) Pharaoh’s heart hardened (19) 6. Boils - 9:8-12 No warning By Moses (10) Goshen protected ? (implied) Magicians covered with boils too (11) Lord hardens Pharaoh’s heart (12) 9. Darkness for 3 days – 10:21-29 No warning By Moses (22) Goshen protected (23) Lord hardens Pharaoh’s heart (27) Pharaoh’s threat (28)

25. And thus shall ye eat it; with your loins girded, your shoes on your feet, and your staff in your hand; and ye shall eat it in haste: it is the LORD's passover. Exodus 12:11 d. THE 10 th PLAGUE: THE PASOVER (Chapter 11-12)

26. And it came to pass, that at midnight the LORD smote all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh that sat on his throne unto the firstborn of the captive that was in the dungeon; and all the firstborn of cattle. (Exodus 12:19)

27. And Pharaoh rose up in the night, he, and all his servants, and all the Egyptians; and there was a great cry in Egypt; for there was not a house where there was not one dead. (Exodus 12:30)

28. And he called for Moses and Aaron by night, and said, Rise up, and get you forth from among my people, both ye and the children of Israel; and go, serve the LORD, as ye have said. Exodus 12:31

29. Out of this event, 4 elements were instituted: 1.Passover (12) 2.Unleavened Bread (13) 3.First month of the year (Abib/Nisan) (13:4) 4.Consecration of first born (13)

30. And Moses stretched forth his hand over the sea, and the sea returned to his strength when the morning appeared; and the Egyptians fled against it; and the LORD overthrew the Egyptians in the midst of the sea. Exodus 14:27 Thus the LORD saved Israel that day out of the hand of the Egyptians; and Israel saw the Egyptians dead upon the sea shore. (Exodus 14:30) e. THE EXODUS

31. Routes of the Exodus

33. CONCLUSION a.God has brought the people into Egypt because in his sovereign plan, 1.He wanted to preserve his people from the taints of the Canaanites. 2.He wanted to make them become fruitful and multiply. 3.He wanted to train them into a people who will understand what it means that life is a sojourn and that in order to be a blessing to others; we have to watch out for the needs of others, especially the marginalized, the homeless, the orphans, the widows, the sick and the poor.

34. CONCLUSION b.God has brought Israel out of Egypt with a mighty hand –He demonstrates his power to save. –He demonstrates the price he was willing to pay and the extent he was willing to go to save his people.

35. CONCLUSION c.God was now going to put the people into a 40 year of desert/wilderness experience »Test his people »Form his people »Instruct his people »Prepare his people »Build up the faith of his people