1. Disease Travels

2.  Also known as  Contagious Disease  Communicable Disease  Transmissible Disease  Caused by a pathogen that carries disease  Not all infections cause disease that can be transmitted

3.  Travel enables the agents of infectious diseases to become Invasive Species  No resistance in new population  Cause epidemics or pandemics  Often move from animals living in close quarters with humans to humans  Diseases also target plants and animals

4.  Travel of humans as they emigrated to new continents  Trade across land masses  Trade between land masses  Bridged natural barriers that prevented invasive species including diseases and enabled them to propagate and spread

9. Devastated human populations in the Middle Ages Bacterial Infection

11.  Swollen Lymph Nodes

12. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Blackdeath2.gif

14.  Spread not only to humans  Plant diseases  Animal diseases  Mammals  Birds  Reptiles and amphibians  Insects

16. As early as 500 B.C. the Inca were raising “batatas” and “papas” 1565 Spanish took them back to Spain from Peru

17. Peru Spain

18. Peru Spain 1565 England Italy

19. Peru Spain 1565 England Italy Ireland 1585

25. 25 H7 H5 H9 * 1980 1997 Recorded new avian influenzas 19962002 1999 2003 195519651975198519952005 H1N1 H2N2 1889 Russian influenza H2N2 1957 Asian influenza H2N2 H3N2 1968 Hong Kong influenza H3N2 H3N8 1900 Old Hong Kong influenza H3N8 1918 Spanish influenza H1N1 19151925195519651975198519952005 18951905 2010 2015 2009 Pandemic influenza H1N1 Recorded human pandemic influenza (early sub-types inferred) Reproduced and adapted (2009) with permission of Dr Masato Tashiro, Director, Center for Influenza Virus Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID), Japan. Animated slide: Press space bar H1N1 Pandemic H1N1

26. Horseshoe Bats Civet Cat Virus People

29. Also Known as Swine Flu Photo Courtesy of CDC

30.  Mysterious Disappearance of worker bees  A combination of factors  Varroa Mite  A Fungal Infection - Nosema apis  A newly discovered virus – Invertebrate Iridescent Virus  Impact Honey and Pollination  80% fruits and vegetables