1. T HE R EUNIFICATION OF C HINA Mr. Ermer World History Miami Beach Senior High School

2. C HINA : R ISE OF THE T ANG D YNASTY After the Han collapse; China ruled by many warlords Sui Dynasty reunites China, rules for 34 years Tang Dynasty succeeds Sui as rulers of united China 618 CE: Emperor Li Shimin takes advantage of Sui disorder Expands Tang Empire into Inner Asia (Tang were ethnically Turkic) Defeated by Abbasid Arabs at Battle of Talas River, expansion ends Nobility exercises regional power, decentralized organizational structure Continued Han-style civil service exam for bureaucrats Respected Inner Asian cultures Confucian philosophy of state

4. T HE T ANG E MPIRE After Han collapse, Buddhist state cults proliferate in Inner Asia and northern China Mahayana Buddhism and the role of kings—bodhisattvas Fostered language learning, invigorated travel/cultural exchange Tang princes enlist the help of monasteries Tax exemptions, land privileges, gifts for loyalty and support Tang emperors target monasteries as political threats Tang capital, Chang’an, is center of communication & trade Decentralized system allows for Tibetan and Uighur Grand Canal connects Chang’an to vast transit network Link between northern capital and southern port cities (Canton) Transportation crucial to sustaining the Tang tributary system Spread of information, goods, people, and disease (bubonic plague) Turkic style and culture influences Chinese (pants, polo, wine) Uighurs (Turkic Inner Asians) control area around Tarim River Tibetan Buddhist kingdom dominates Himalayas Tibetan kings follow Tang lead to diminish monastic power Monks overthrow king, royal authority passes to monasteries

5. T ANG R EPRESSION & C OLLAPSE Buddhism attacked for weakening Confucian order Also for empowering women—Empress Wu Zhao Claims to be bodhisattva—favors Buddhism & Daoism Wu discredited by later Chinese officials and historians Buddhism seen as barbaric, weakened secular authority Defeat at Talas River weaken military loyalty, funding cut Rebellions weaken power of Tang emperors An Lushan’s rebellion (755-757) strengthens regional governors Huang Chao’s rebellion (879-881), violence against non-Chinese Destabilized Tang authority, ruled in name only afterward 907: Tang Dynasty terminated Three new states emerge: Liao: Northern, Mahayana Buddhist Khitan nomads related to the Mongols Tanggut: Buddhists related to Tibetans, modeled after the Tang Song Empire : Chinese/Confucian, expanded from Central Asia from 960

11. S ONG C HINA Song Chinese make many technological, scientific advancements, especially in astronomy Mechanical clock, chain driven machines, water wheels Adapt the magnetic compass for seafaring (fixed needle, glass case) The Chinese junk ship promotes maritime trade/exploration Song Chinese discover gunpowder Neo-Confucianism Sage: one who preserves mental stability/peace, while solving probs. Zen Buddhism rises as counter to Neo-Confucianism Women subordinated by Confucian men, minimally educated Foot-binding becomes status symbol Adoption of moveable type printing from Korea Growing population prompts new to deal with crowded cities Issuance of paper money

13. C HINESE F OOT BINDING (O UCH !)

16. C HAPTER 5, L ESSON 1 R EVIEW On page 86, write and answer questions 1-6