1. Animal Adaptations Provided by: City of Corpus Christi Museum of Science and History

2. Our Standard  Identify physical and behavioraladaptations that enable animals such as amphibians, reptiles, birds, fish, and, mammals to survive in a particular environment.

3. Have you ever wondered how animals are able to survive in the wild? Animals have certain adaptations that help them to survive.

4. I. What is an adaptation? A. An adaptation is a change in an animal’s physical structure or behavior that helps an animal to survive in their habitat. Examples: The shape of a bird’s beak, number of fingers and toes, or the color of an animal’s fur. B. Physical adaptations do not develop during one lifetime, but over many generations.

5. Think about the way you dress in the winter. You don’t wear your shorts and bathing suit when it’s snowing outside! You wear warm clothes, and maybe even a hat and mittens to protect yourself from the weather.

6. And what if you are having a snowball fight? You probably run away from the person throwing at you, and maybe even try to sneak up on that person and throw some snowballs!

7. The way you dress in the winter, as well as the way that you run and hide from someone throwing snow at you are kinds of … Adaptations.

8. II. Physical adaptations A. are body structures that allow an animal to find and consume food, defend itself, and to reproduce its species. B. Physical adaptations help an animal survive in its environment. Hey! I’m a walking stick. I look just like a stick you’d find on the ground. © A. Weinberg

9. Physical adaptation C. Camouflage (use of color in a surrounding) The chameleon can change its color to match its surroundings. Can you do that?

10. D. Mimicry- (looking or sounding like another living organism) The Viceroy butterfly uses mimicry to look like the Monarch butterfly. Can you tell them apart? Poisonous Not poisonous Physical adaptation I’m the Monarch! I’m the Viceroy!

11. E. Chemical defenses (like venom, ink, sprays) Physical adaptation

12. F. Body coverings & parts (claws, beaks, feet, armor plates, skulls, teeth) Physical adaptations The elephant’s trunk is a physical adaptation that helps it to clean itself, eat, drink, and to pick things up.

13. Now let’s learn about III. Behavioral Adaptations… A. Behavioral Adaptations allow animals to respond to life needs.

14. C. Each organism has unique methods of adapting to its environment by means of different actions. B. Behavioral Adaptations are animals’ actions. Remember that Physical Adaptations are body structures.

15. We can divide Behavioral Adaptations into two groups: Instinctive Learned These behaviors happen naturally & don’t have to be learned. These behaviors must be taught.

16. D. Instinctive behaviors happen naturally & don’t need to be learned = 4. Finding shelter 1. Methods of gathering & storing food 2. Defending oneself 5. Raising young 3. Hibernating 6.Migrating

17. 1.Migration  B. Animals migrate for different reasons. better climate better food safe place to live safe place to raise young go back to the place they were born.  a. This is when behavioral adaptation that involves an animal or group of animals moving from one region to another and then back again.

18. 2. Hibernation  A.This is deep sleep in which animal’s body temp droops, body activities are slowed to conserve energy.  B. E.g. Bats, woodchucks & bears.

19. E. Learned behaviors Obtained by interacting with the environment and cannot be passed on to the next generation except by teaching. =

20. IV.Who experiences adaptations? A. All species have experienced adaptation and will continue to slowly adapt as the next generations are born.

21. B.Mammals 1. Endothermic or warm-blooded A. All have some type of “hair” 1.Some are very specialized, such as white polar bear fur B. Method of locomotion C. Care for young

22. C. Birds 1. Leg Length Roseate Spoonbill (top right) 2. Foot Webbing Laughing Gull (top left) 3. Beak Shape Long Billed Curlew (bottom)

24. D. Reptiles 1. Ectothermic or cold- blooded 2. Scales 3. Some undergo hibernation and estivation 4. Lay eggs on land 5. Leg structure and position

25. E. Amphibians 1. Ectothermic 2. Lay eggs in water 3. Partially of fully webbed feet 4.Have lungs or can absorb oxygen through their skin

26. F. Animal Defense 1. Some animals use these methods of defense to protect themselves: a. Camouflage  Snake b. Mimicry  Mexican Milk Snake c. Bright colors  Skunk and Poison Arrow Frog d. “Hair” projections  Hedgehog quills

27.  E. Shells  F. Tentacles- like jelly fish  G. Sounds- like roar of a lion.  H. Spines  I. Antlers  J. Claws  K. Thorns  L. Horns  M. Odor

28. Example of Adaptation The shape of an animal’s teeth is related to its diet. Herbivores, such as deer, have many molars(dull teeth) for chewing tough grass and plants. Carnivores, such as lions, have sharp canines to kill and tear meat.

29. Arctic fox Snowshoe rabbit Caribou Brown Bear BatSquirrelFrogArctic wolf Geese Whale Snowy owl Butterfly Click on each picture in order to read about that animal in winter.

30. In winter, an Arctic fox’s fur turns white to blend in with the snow. Arctic foxes CAMOUFLAGE. Keep Going

31. In winter, an Arctic wolf’s fur turns white to blend in with the snow. Arctic wolves CAMOUFLAGE. Keep Going

32. In winter, a snowy owl’s feathers turn white to blend in with the snow. Snowy owls CAMOUFLAGE. Keep Going

33. In winter, a snowshoe rabbit’s fur turns white to blend in with the snow. Snowshoe rabbits CAMOUFLAGE. Keep Going

34. In winter, geese fly south to warmer weather. Geese MIGRATE. Keep Going

35. In winter, whales swim south to warmer water. Whales MIGRATE. Keep Going

36. In winter, caribou travel to warmer places. Caribou MIGRATE. Keep Going

37. In winter, butterflies fly to warmer places. Butterflies MIGRATE. Now it’s time for a sorting activity.

38. In winter, squirrels fall into a deep sleep until spring time. Squirrels HIBERNATE. Keep Going

39. In winter, some bears fall into a deep sleep until spring time. Some bears HIBERNATE. Keep Going

40. In winter, bats fall into a deep sleep until spring time. Bats HIBERNATE. Keep Going

41. In winter, frogs fall into a deep sleep until spring time. Frogs HIBERNATE. Keep Going

42. Sort the winter animals into the boxes below.

45. Thick warm, white fur coat

46. Keeps the bear warm in below freezing temperatures and allows him to camouflage in the snow.

47. Thick warm, white fur coat Keeps the bear warm in below freezing temperatures and allows him to camouflage in the snow.

48. Thick warm, white fur coat Keeps the bear warm in below freezing temperatures and allows him to camouflage in the snow. Large Paws

49. Thick warm, white fur coat Keeps the bear warm in below freezing temperatures and allows him to camouflage in the snow. Large Paws Produce an oil that stops his feet freezing on the snow.

50. Thick warm, white fur coat Keeps the bear warm in below freezing temperatures and allows him to camouflage in the snow. Large Paws Produce an oil that stops his feet freezing on the snow.

51. Thick warm, white fur coat Keeps the bear warm in below freezing temperatures and allows him to camouflage in the snow. Large Paws Produce an oil that stops his feet freezing on the snow.

52. Thick warm, white fur coat Keeps the bear warm in below freezing temperatures and allows him to camouflage in the snow. Large Paws Produce an oil that stops his feet freezing on the snow. Little eyes

53. Thick warm, white fur coat Keeps the bear warm in below freezing temperatures and allows him to camouflage in the snow. Large Paws Produce an oil that stops his feet freezing on the snow. Little eyes Keeps cold and icy snow blizzards out of their eyes.

55. Big, flat feet

56. Enable camels to walk on the sand without sinking into it.

57. Big, flat feet Enable camels to walk on the sand without sinking into it. Humps

58. Big, flat feet Enable camels to walk on the sand without sinking into it. Humps Camel can store a supply of water so it doesn’t have to stop to drink

59. Big, flat feet Enable camels to walk on the sand without sinking into it. Humps Camel can store a supply of water so it doesn’t have to stop to drink Long eyelashes

60. Big, flat feet Enable camels to walk on the sand without sinking into it. Humps Camel can store a supply of water so it doesn’t have to stop to drink Long eyelashes Keeps sand from storms and glaring sun from camels eyes.

61. Big, flat feet Enable camels to walk on the sand without sinking into it. Humps Camel can store a supply of water so it doesn’t have to stop to drink Long eyelashes Keeps sand from storms and glaring sun from camels eyes. Long Legs

62. Big, flat feet Enable camels to walk on the sand without sinking into it. Humps Camel can store a supply of water so it doesn’t have to stop to drink Long eyelashes Keeps sand from storms and glaring sun from camels eyes. Long Legs Help to move across the dessert quicker and keeps the sand off the camels stomach.

63. Humans adapt to suit their climate and surroundings.

64. Humans adapt to suit their climate and surroundings. In the summer we wear thin clothes, drink plenty of water, and keep our selves in the shade.

65. Humans adapt to suit their climate and surroundings. In the summer we wear thin clothes, drink plenty of water, and keep our selves in the shade. In the winter we have to wrap up warm, eat warm food and drink hot drinks.

66. Adaptation Applications: Lions  Why are the eyes of a lion set in front of the head rather than on the sides?  Answer: Eyes in front of the head allow for depth perception and ability to judge distances when hunting.

67. Adaptation Applications: Lions  What is the purpose of the mane on a male lion? What is the reason for the lion’s color?  A thick mane helps the male to appear larger and serves as protection for the throat. The tawny brown coat color camouflages the animal and young among vegetation.

68. Adaptation Applications: Giraffe  Why are giraffes able to go for long periods of time without water?  Answer: Giraffes drink water when available, but can go weeks without it. They rely on morning dew and the water content of their food.

69. Adaptation Applications: Giraffe  How are their long necks adapted to their lifestyle?  Answer: This extra length is thought to have evolved to help the giraffe spot predators and other giraffes in the distance. Interestingly, giraffes and humans have the same number of vertebrate in their necks.

70. Adaptation Applications: Zebras  How do zebras defend themselves?  Capable of running up to 40 mph. Zebras defend themselves by kicking and biting. Coloration also plays a role in evading predators, although theories have not reached an agreement.

71. So what did some of these animals look like hundreds, thousands, or millions of years ago?  As you see the following pictures look at the similarities to a present day animal and what environment each of these would have lived in.

73. Baby Wooly Mammoth found in Russians Tundra beneath the permafrost in August 2011.

74. Mastodon

81.  http://www.50birds.com/extan/gext animals1.htm http://www.50birds.com/extan/gext animals1.htm