1. Adaptations

2. Introduction Watch this video for an introduction to adaptations Watch this video Animals have structural/physical and behavioral adaptations – Structural – body parts – Behavioral – what the animal does “Animals depend on their physical features to help them obtain food, keep safe, build homes, withstand weather, and attract mates.”

3. Examples of Structural Adaptations Shape of bird’s beak Number and arrangement of fingers or toes Color of fur Thickness of fur Shape of nose, ears, or feet

4. Camels Read about the camel’s adaptationscamel’s adaptations Learn: – About the purpose of a camel’s eyelashes – What’s special about the camel’s nose – How the camel has adapted for food, water, and environment

5. Lions Read about the lionthe lion How has the lion adapted for protection, feeding, and their environment?

6. Penguins Read about the Penguinthe Penguin How does the penguin move and keep warm?

7. Frogs Read about frogsfrogs How has a frog adapted to get and eat his food?

8. Saguaro Cactus Read about the Saguaro CactusSaguaro Cactus How has it adapted to survive in it’s environment?

9. Camouflage

10. What is Camouflage? adaptation “increases an animal’s chances of survival” camouflage – “an animal’s ability to hide itself from predator and prey” camouflage includes blending in and disguising

11. Concealing Animal Colors Helps animals find food and avoid being attacked or eaten An “animal’s environment is often the most important factor in what the camouflage looks like” Camouflage matches the background of the environment.

12. Blending into the Background Tartan hawkfish – Papua New Guinea

13. Examples of Blending In “Brownish ‘earth tone’ colors” to blend in with trees and soil – Deer, squirrels, wild turkey “Grayish-blue coloring” to blend in with underwater color – Sharks, dolphins, stingrays

14. Blending In Cryptic frog

15. Animals Who Can Change Their Color Biochromes – animals produce colors chemically – absorbing some light and reflecting others Microscopic Physical Structures – refract and scatter light – Polar bears “have black skin but appear white because they have translucent hairs” Some Animals can do both

16. Advantages of Camouflage Animals with better camouflage are more likely to survive Animals that survive will reproduce and pass their coloring on to their offspring Natural selection – how the colors develop slowly over generations based on the colors of the animals that have survived Watch this video clip for a camouflage overview Watch this video

17. Color and Texture Texture of an animal’s fur, scales, feathers, or exoskeleton can help animal blend in Squirrels – rough fur looks like tree bark Insects – smooth exoskeleton looks like leaves The feathers on the snowy owl look fluffy like the snow.

18. Adaptive Camouflage Animals who can change color to match their surroundings Changing seasons changes the surroundings – Spring and summer – green and brown – Winter and fall – brown or white Being the same color year-round can be dangerous

19. Adaptive Camouflage Changes in the environment can cause the animal to change color for the season like a tree’s leave change color Animals can also change their color by contracting or relaxing muscles – Cuttlefish – Watch this video to hear an explanation of the chromataphors and reflective cells and this video to see them change!Watch this video this video – Chameleons

20. Chamaeleo pardalis Madagascar

21. Animal Disguises Spots, stripes, patches, etc. Patterns may look similar to the environment – Vertical stripes – grass Disruption coloration – An outline that doesn’t match the shape of the animal so the predator doesn’t know exactly where the animal is – Zebras – stripes make them look like one big animal, so the predator can’t target one – Fish swimming in schools look like one large fish – Walking Stick looks like a stick

23. Walking Stick Can you see the katydid?

24. Mimicry Other animals use mimicry also Mimicry is when an animal looks like something else Some animals look like other animals Some animals have colors that look like poisonous animals

25. Can you see the gecko? Which one is the insect?

26. This hawk moth caterpillar looks like a much more dangerous animal.

27. Which two are bumblebees with stingers and which two are harmless Robber flies? Not only do Robber flies look like bumblebees, but they also make a sound similar to them!

28. This South African speckled emperor moth has spots that look like a larger animal’s eyes. Looking like the poisonous Coral Snake helps protect the Scarlet King Snake.

29. Resources http://www.howstuffworks.com/environmental/life/zoology/all-about-animals/animal- camouflage.htm http://www.howstuffworks.com/environmental/life/zoology/all-about-animals/animal- camouflage.htm http://curiosity.discovery.com/topic/ecology-and-the-environment/animal-camouflage- pictures.htm http://curiosity.discovery.com/topic/ecology-and-the-environment/animal-camouflage- pictures.htm http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2x-8v1mxpR0 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=__XA6B41SQQ http://thenaturalhistorian.com/2012/03/19/good-creation-mimicry-design-and-the- creationists-dilemma/ http://thenaturalhistorian.com/2012/03/19/good-creation-mimicry-design-and-the- creationists-dilemma/ http://www.alleghany.k12.va.us/animal%20adaptation%20webpage/animal_mimicry.ht m http://www.alleghany.k12.va.us/animal%20adaptation%20webpage/animal_mimicry.ht m http://malcolmpollack.com/2006/08/08/designer-genes/ http://oakdome.com/k5/lesson-plans/powerpoint/animal-camouflage-pictures-and- information.php http://oakdome.com/k5/lesson-plans/powerpoint/animal-camouflage-pictures-and- information.php http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ds5qIn2TISg http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wEDxThDINgQ&feature=related

30. Resources http://www.nhptv.org/natureworks/nwep1.htm http://www.woodlands-junior.kent.sch.uk/homework/adaptation.htm http://www.casarioblanco.com/poison-dart-frog.html http://fohn.net/camel-pictures-facts/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lion