1. World History: The Earth and its Peoples
Chapter 7
Networks of Communication And Exchange,
300 B.C.E C.E.

2. Objectives
Identify the locations and describe the participants of the Silk Road, the Indian Ocean, and the trans-Saharan trade routes..
Define the term “Africanity” and explain the development of “Africanity” in terms of Bantu migrations..
Analyze the relationship between environment, transportation technology,and trade along the Silk Road, Indian Ocean, and trans-Saharan trade routes..
Discuss the causes and patterns of the spread of Buddhism and Christianity..

3. Silk Road Map

4. Overview Remember to give Students their quizzes Back Trade Routes
agricultural goods
manufactured goods
ideas
social system
Did more for cultural inclusion than any emperor or king.

5. The Silk Road Silk Road Origins hybrid camels
connects Middle East to China
1st Period: 150 BCE CE
2nd Period: 13th-17th cen. CE
Origins
nomadic traders
Chinese demand for western products
Mesopotamian markets
Parthians
hybrid camels
existed solely for trade route

6. The Silk Road Zhang Jian Chinese Exports Impact of Trade
Ferghana horses
alfalfa and domestic grapes
Chinese Exports
silk, pottery, paper
Impact of Trade
settling of Iranian nomads
import of Turkic peoples
yurts
interest in foreign religions
military
chariot, bowmen
stirrup
Prosperity from trade = peace

7. Silk Road Map

8. The Indian Ocean Indian Ocean Maritime System monsoons colonies
Indian Ocean / South China Sea
multilingual / multiethnic seafarers
E. Africa, Arabia, India, China, and SE Asia
monsoons
lateen sails; long reaches
sail further from shore
colonies
economic, not political
warfare rare

9. The Indian Ocean Origins of Contact and Trade Africa Impact
SE Asian settling of Madagascar
2000 years ago
cultures of homeland
Mozambique Channel
1500 years ago
Impact
The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea - 7th century CE
extensive written record of trade
ports of call from E to W
bilingual and bicultural families
cosmopolitan in nature

10. Routes Across the Sahara
2500 BCE BCE
shift in cultural patterns south
Mediterranean - S. Africa barrier
source of European exploration
trans-Saharan caravan routes
Culture
cave paintings
cliffs and caves
southern animals
hunters, cattle breeders, horse herders, camel riders
Trans Saharan Trade Routes
camel domestication

11. Camel Domestication Camels in Africa Trade Berber: trade for gold dust
1st century BCE
to Egypt from Arabia; S to N
saddle purposes
Trade
South
salt for forest products
Sahel - ‘coast’
Saharan southern border
North
food for Roman Empire
Roman N. African farms
wild animals for Coliseum
post-Roman shift to Middle East
Berber: trade for gold dust

12. Sub-Saharan Africa Ghana - 600 - 1076 CE Sub-Saharan Africa
“land of gold”
1st documentable W. Africa
African with Muslim traders
religious toleration
Sub-Saharan Africa
most important cultural exchange
geographical obstacles

13. Sub-Saharan Africa Geography steppes savanna tropical rain forest
Sahara, Atlantic, Indian, Red Sea
limited navigation of rivers
steppes
treeless plains; coarse grass
savanna
long grasses; scattered forests
tropical rain forest
Cultural traditions as a result of long period of isolation

14. Sub-Saharan Culture Cultural Unity... … emanates from Sub-Sahara
“great traditions”
written language, legal system, ethical codes, intellectual traditions
“small traditions”
local customs and beliefs
less-population density
distance between tribes
lack of accessibility to interior
Common Elements
concept of kingship - isolation
fixed social categories
common agricultural cultivation
common music rituals
… emanates from Sub-Sahara

15. Bantu Migrations “Africanity” Bantu language distribution
common African quality
Bantu
family of 300 sub-Saharan languages
proto-Bantu as fishermen and agriculturalists
iron-smelting
language distribution
spread of agriculture
use of iron tools

16. The Spread of Ideas Where do ideas and beliefs start? Religion
Iron-smelting and pork
Religion
royal sponsorship
monks, missionaries, and pilgrims
Silk Road and Indian Ocean
Buddhism
Ethiopian Christianity
Constantine’s missionaries
Patriarch of Alexandria
writing system
Armenian Christianity