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1Gender Aspects of Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction1 Why Mainstream Gender in Disaster Management? Session 1 World Bank Institute
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22 Gender makes a difference in: Vulnerability to risk Disaster resilience Efficiency and equitability of recovery Some examples: Different mortality rates Post-disaster psychological distress and coping strategies, Contributions to economic and social reconstruction Disaster experience: did you know? Gender Aspects of Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction
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33 Gender concerns: Women’s needs and vulnerabilities, but also Men’s needs and vulnerabilities Capacities and priorities Concerns relevant to men as a group If one gender group is affected, the entire community suffers the implications Gender: whom does it concern? Gender Aspects of Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction
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44 Socially constructed expectations of the roles and behaviours of males and females Distinct from the biologically determined aspects of being male and female Other gender groups What is meant by gender? Gender Aspects of Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction
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5 What is meant by mainstreaming? The process of taking into account the needs, concerns and capacities of all gender groups in disaster planning and in disaster response Effective mainstreaming spans analysis, policy and operational considerations, including institutional arrangements to monitor disaster recovery practice 5Gender Aspects of Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction
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6 Disaster experiences: roles and priorities Men and women may have different priorities ■Survey evidence from Nicaragua The aftermath of disaster can also lead to changing gender roles Women assuming traditionally male tasks Men assuming traditionally female tasks Post disaster policy should recognize this Potential to empower Needs to be sensitive to local conditions 6Gender Aspects of Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction
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7 MenWomen Search & rescue Less concern for personal safety to benefit community Risk-taking during infrastructure building and reconstruction Alcoholism, gambling Criminal activity, violence, aggression Family Abandonment Mobilizing social networks “Double” duty/ “Triple” duty Activating women's groups Organizing communities Headaches and sleeping disorders Disaster experiences: coping Gender Aspects of Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction
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88 Disaster policy should facilitate the realization of capacities: Considering gender dimensions of activities to strengthen disaster resistance Supporting activities traditionally dominated by women Facilitating the potential to contribute in non-traditional ways The failure to do so can be: Unintentionally discriminative and Economically suboptimal Disaster experiences: capacities Gender Aspects of Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction
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99 Understanding why differences arise allows to address them Some impact differences are biologically defined Acknowledge by providing appropriate nutrition, medical care, sanitary supplies Many impact differences are socially defined Work to remove constraints that heighten vulnerability and limit opportunity Disaster policy: what can be done? Gender Aspects of Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction
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10 Disasters magnify existing patterns in society Gender is correlated with other factors such as poverty Human development Nutrition, education, health Relevant in direct and complex ways 10Gender Aspects of Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction Reasons why gender can make a difference
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11 More reasons why gender can make a difference Mobility patterns Division of labor Visibility of labor Influence over decision Making Access to psycho-social Support 11Gender Aspects of Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction
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12 Implications Some costs of ignoring gender Inaccurate damage and needs assessment Holding back development and recovery Exacerbating poverty Intensifying vulnerability Replicating inequality Some benefits of gender mainstreaming Increasing assessment accuracy Utilizing capacities Strengthening reconstruction and recovery Supporting broader change 12Gender Aspects of Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction
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