1. 1820 – 1850: Antebellum America 1. Market Revolution 2
1820 – 1850: Antebellum America 1. Market Revolution 2. Foreign Policy: Manifest Destiny 3. Andrew Jackson and Era of the Common Man: Slavery and Abolition 4. Sectionalism

2. Market Revolution
Period of growth and transformation in the American economy (first industrial revolution)
The South and the Cotton Kingdom
1793 – Eli Whitney – The Cotton Gin
1 lbs. to 1000 lbs. per day
1792 – 6000 Bales, 1801 – 100,000 Bales, 1840 – 2 mil Bales, 1860 – 5 mil Bales
Demand for Land
Deep South/Cotton Kingdom
Plantation Society
Slavery – Mil
Mil
Mil

3. Market Revolution The North and Industry
1791 – Samuel Slater – Textile Mill – 240 Mills in New England
Factory System and Coal Power, Interchangeable Parts – Eli Whitney
Labor: Lowell System: Women, Immigration: Irish and German, Nativism and Know Nothings
Urbanization - Tenements

4. Market Revolution The Northwest: The Bread Basket
Mechanical Reaper, Thresher, and Steel Plow: Wheat and Corn
Northwest Industry – Food processing and farm
equipment – Detroit, Chicago, St. Louis, Milwaukee
Advances in Transportation
Steamboat – 1807 – Clermont – Fulton and Livingston
Canal Era ( ) – Erie Canal – 1825
1850 – 3000 miles of canals
Railroad – Baltimore and Ohio Railroad – 1830
1850 – 9000 miles of tracks
New Methods of Transportation all served to connect the Northwest and the Northeast

5. Foreign Policy: Manifest Destiny
James Polk: 1840s – Manifest Destiny - Belief that it was God’s will to have Americans spread across the Continent
Texas – War for Independence – Annexation -1845
Oregon – Treaty with British – 49th Parallel -1846
Mexican War and Cession – 1848
In 1850, California became the 31st State in the Union and Americans had spread themselves across the entire North American Continent

7. Reasons for Westward Expansion
Manifest Destiny
Population Increase – 1780 – 2.5 million; 1830 – 12 million; million
Availability of Transportation - Steamboat, Canals, and Railroads
Availability of Land and Money: Desire for farmland (Cotton), California Gold Rush-1849
Persecution: Mormons
Indian Removal Act: Andrew Jackson v. Cherokee Indians, Worcester V. Georgia, Trail of Tears, 116 Days, ¼ Died en route to Oklahoma

8. Andrew Jackson and the Era of the Common Man
Increase in Democracy
New voting requirements – no property ownership – 1820 – 24%; 1840 – 80%
Spoils System
Nominating Conventions and Electoral College
Reform Movements
Temperance
Education – Individual Worth
Horace Mann and Massachusetts
Public Schools and Literacy Rates
Republican Motherhood
Women’s Rights
Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony
Seneca Falls Convention, 1848 – “Declarations of Sentiments and Resolutions”

9. Slavery and Abolition
Increase in Slavery: Abolition of Slave Trade- 1808, Natural Increase, Cotton Kingdom: Mil, 1860 – 4 Mil
Changes in Slavery in the South
Plantation System and Deep South
Task System vs. Gang System - Overseer and Driver
Slave Codes
Peculiar Institution – Cared for and Christianized
Responses to Changes:
Slave Culture – Language, Religion, Music
Rebel – Slowdown, Theft, Destruction
Nat Turner’s Rebellion – Whites and Blacks killed (20 were hanged)
Escape - Underground Railroad and Harriet Tubman – (40,000 – 100,000 escaped)

12. Abolitionist Movement
Political movement to outlaw slavery
William Lloyd Garrison: The Liberator; American Antislavery Society
Frederick Douglass: The North Star, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, "The Meaning of July Fourth for the Negro"
Sojourner Truth - The Narrative of Sojourner Truth: A Northern Slave
David Walker – Appeal
American Colonization Society
Free- Soilers – opposed expansion of slavery
Southern Response= Peculiar Institution, Christianize and Civilize, Treat better than industrial workers in North, All of society benefits, Protected by Constitution (5th and 10th Amendments)

14. Sectionalism Urbanized and Industrialized
The North
The South
Urbanized and Industrialized
70% RR, Telegraph wires and 2 ½ times the populations
$1.6 billion in goods
Supports Tariffs
Opposes Ext. of Slavery
Supports Internal Improvements
Supports Federal Power
Agrarian
Little means of transportation and communication
$155 million in goods
Opposes Tariffs
Supports Slavery
Opposes Internal Improvements
Supports States’ Rights

15. Sectional Conflicts South Carolina Nullification Missouri Compromise
Tariff of Abominations – SC votes to nullify
Andrew Jackson and Force Act
State Power v. Federal Power
Missouri Compromise
Balance of Power: 11:11
Missouri and Maine
36’30’ line across rest of Louisiana Purchase

16. Andrew Jackson: Criticized for abusing power in South Carolina Nullification, Cherokee Removal, and veto power.