3.  100 Years War and Black Death  Scientific Advances which contradicted the Church  The Corruption within the Catholic Church

4.  Prior to the Reformation all Christians were Roman Catholic  The [REFORM]ation was an attempt to REFORM the Catholic Church  People like Martin Luther wanted to get rid of the corruption and restore the people’s faith in the church

5.  In the end the reformers, like Luther, established their own religions  The Reformation caused a split in Christianity with the formation of these new Protestant religions

7.  Martin Luther  John Calvin  Henry VIII  Elizabeth

8.  Lived from 1483-1546 in Germany  Father encouraged him to study law  A sudden religious experience inspired him to become a monk

9.  Luther had two major problems with the Catholic Church: Indulgences Justification  Luther believed that the Bible was the ultimate authority - not the pope or clergy  Of the seven sacraments only Baptism and Holy Communion were found in the Bible  He also came to believe in justification through faith alone not faith and good works

10.  A Papal pardon for sins  A lessening of the time a soul would have to spend in purgatory  Purgatory = a place where souls too impure to enter heaven atoned for sins committed during their lifetime  According to Luther, indulgences had no basis in the Bible and the Pope had no authority to release souls from purgatory

11.  He became troubled over the possibility of not going to heaven  He turned to the Bible, and confession for comfort  In the Bible he found the answer he was looking for

12. “The righteous shall by his faith.” Luther realized that only faith (in the ultimate goodness of Jesus), not good deeds, could save a person. No good works, rituals, etc. would save a person if they did not believe.

13.  A list of things he thought were wrong with the Catholic Church (95 Complaints)  He criticized:  The Power of the Pope  The Extreme Wealth of the Church  Indulgences (Catholic concept of Salvation)

14.  Gutenberg’s Printing Press made it possible for Luther to spread his beliefs  Posted his 95 Theses on Church doors in Germany  Gained support from people and criticism from Church

15. The first thing printed on Gutenberg’s press was the Bible. This is a picture of a page from one of Gutenberg’s Bibles.

16.  Pope Leo X issued a Papal Bull of Excommunication  Papal Bull = Official document issued by the Pope  Luther was ordered to recant (take back) his teachings  Luther burned the Papal Bull  Excommunicated!  Excommunicated = to be cut off from the church  This behavior caused a conclusive and irrevocable break with Rome

17.  Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V, summoned Luther to a diet in the city of Worms  Diet = assembly or meeting of German princes  Luther was asked again to recant – he still refused  Charles V issued the Edict of Worms Luther at the Diet of Worms By Anton von Werner

18.  Declared Luther an outlaw  It was a crime to give Luther shelter or food  Frederick the Wise, Elector of Saxony hid Luther in his castle  Spent his time translating the New Testament into German  This spread his beliefs even further  Greatly contributed to the development of the written German language

19.  He was the Pope during the height of the corruption Pope Leo X with cardinals Giulio de' Medici and Luigi de' Rossi by Raphael

21. “I am fed up with the world, and it with me. I am like a ripe stool, and the world is like a gigantic anus, and so we’re about to let go of each other.” -Luther

22.  Some Local German Churches accepted Luther’s ideas  Lutheranism was formed  Supported by German Princes who issued a formal “protest” against the Church for suppressing the reforms  The reformers came to be known as [PROTEST]ants - Protestants

23. “May little chickens dig out your eyes 100,000 times.” - Calvin speaking to another reformer whose ideas he disagreed with

24.  Anti-Catholic  Influenced by Martin Luther  Disagreed with Luther’s “Salvation through faith alone.”  Created his own Protestant religion in Switzerland

25.  Calvin believed in:  Salvation through Predestination  At birth it is decided if you will go to heaven or hell

26.  Foreknowledge  God knows everything that will happen in your life  Purified approach to life:  No drinking, swearing, card playing, gambling etc..

27.  Started in Switzerland – Calvinists  England = Puritans  Scotland = Presbyterians  Holland = Dutch Reform  France = Huguenots  Germany = Reform Church

28. Puritan Hugeunots Presbyterian

29.  Henry VIII – King of England  Roman Catholic  Opposed Luther’s beliefs  Named ‘Defender of the Faith’ by Pope Leo X  Reformer due to circumstance not personal beliefs

30.  Catholic Church does not permit divorce  Marriage to Catherine of Aragon did not produce male heir only a girl - Mary Tudor  Henry needed a male to preserve his throne  Henry asked the Pope for an annulment so he could marry someone who could give him a male heir  The Pope denied his request  Henry created the Church of England and established his own supremacy over it

31. Act of Supremacy - 1534  Parliament passed the Act of Supremacy  Made Henry “the only supreme head on Earth of the Church of England”  Many refused to accept Henry as the head of the church and were executed for treason  Sir Thomas More was one of them!

32. Another Girl for Henry  Henry divorced Catherine and promptly married Anne Boleyn – there was actually a bit of an overlap!  He hoped for a male heir but Anne bore him another girl – Elizabeth BIRTH ANNOUNCEMENT OF PRINCESS ELIZABETH SEPTEMBER 7, 1533

33. Divorced, Beheaded, Died, Divorced, Beheaded, Survived. Catherine of Aragon Annulled Jane Seymour Died childbed fever Anne of Cleves Annulled Catherine Howard Annulled then beheaded Anne Boleyn Annulled then beheaded Catherine Parr survived http://www.bbc.co.uk/cbbc/horriblehistories/song4.shtml

34. Elizabeth I  Daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn  Returned the country to the Protestant faith after her Catholic sister Queen Mary I (‘Bloody Mary’) died  Through compromise Elizabeth found middle ground with Catholics and Protestants  Made England a firmly Protestant nation  Little religious turmoil for decades