1. Prokaryotic Cell Structure and Function

2. Size of Bacteria Average bacteria 0.5 - 2.0 um in diam.
RBC is 7.5 um in diam.
Pulopiscium fishelsoni, bacillus (80µm in diameter and µm long)
Thiomargarita namibiensis, sperical ( µm in diameter.)

3. Shapes of Bacteria Coccus Bacillus Coccobacillus Vibrio Spirillum
Spirochete

4. Spherical Bacteria
An average coccus is about micrometer (µm) in diameter.
A. Division in one plane.
Diplococcus: cocci arranged in pairs
Streptococcus: cocci arranged in chains
Streptococcus pneumoniae,
Streptococcus pyogenes,

5. Spherical Bacteria tetrad: cocci arranged in squares of 4
B. Division in two planes.
tetrad: cocci arranged in squares of 4
C. Division in three planes
Sarcina: cocci in arranged cubes of 8
sarcina

6. Spherical Bacteria D. Division in random planes
Staphylococcus: cocci arranged in irregular, often grape-like clusters

7. Rod-Shaped Bacteria
Diplobacillus
Coccobacillus
Streptobacillus

8. Spiral-Shaped Bacteria
Spirochete
Spirillum

9. Cell Structures Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Cell Wall
Components external to cell wall
Flagella
Pili
Capsule/ Slime layer

10. Cell Membrane Hydrophobic Proteins Bilayer Phospholipid Hopanoids
Triclosan-enoyl transferase
Hopanoids

11. Detection of environmental signals
Membrane proteins
Structural support
Detection of environmental signals
ToxR- Vibrio cholera
Secretion of virulence factor and communication signals
NodI and NodJ-Rhizobia

12. Membrane lipids Phosphoryl heads Fatty acids Negative-phosphatidate
Phosphatidylglycerol
Cardiolipin
Positive-Phosphatidylethanolamine
DNA interaction
transporter protein
Fatty acids
Saturated straight chain (6-22)
Unsaturated
Oleic acid (cis)
Cyclopropane