1. Cell Structure & Function
Sections 7-2 and 7-3

2. Eukaryote vs. Prokaryote
eukaryotes: organisms whose cells contain a nucleus
prokaryotes: organisms whose cells lack a nucleus

3. Organelle
Cytoplasm
a tiny structure that performs a specialized function in the cell
area between the nucleus and the cell membrane
where the organelles are found

4. Comparing Eukaryotic & Prokaryotic Cells
Nucleus?
Eurkaryotic
Prokaryotic
yes no

5. Comparing Eukaryotic & Prokaryotic Cells
Cell Membrane?
Eurkaryotic
Prokaryotic
yes
yes

6. Comparing Eukaryotic & Prokaryotic Cells
Cytoplasm?
Eurkaryotic
Prokaryotic
yes
yes

7. Comparing Eukaryotic & Prokaryotic Cells
Organelles?
Eurkaryotic
Prokaryotic
yes no

8. Unicellular or Multicellular?
Comparing Eukaryotic & Prokaryotic Cells
Unicellular or Multicellular?
Eurkaryotic
Prokaryotic
both
unicellular

9. Comparing Eukaryotic & Prokaryotic Cells
Examples
Eurkaryotic
Prokaryotic
plants, animals, fungi, protists
bacteria

10. A. Boundary Structures Cell Wall Location: outside the cell membrane
Function: helps to protect & support the cell

11. A. Boundary Structures Cell Wall
found in cells of plants, algae, and some bacteria
made of cellulose and lignin

12. A. Boundary Structures Cell Membrane
Function: regulates what enters and leaves the cell. Also aids in protection and support of the cell.
Made of lipids with associated proteins and carbohydrates.

13. Structure of the Cell Membrane

14. B. Nucleus
organelle that controls the cell’s activities and contains DNA
Nuclear envelope (membrane): two membranes that form the boundary around the nucleus

15. B. Nucleus Nucleolus: where ribosomes are made
made of RNA and proteins
Chromatin:
DNA bound to protein
Spread throughout the nucleus
Chromosomes:
Distinct structures in nucleus that contain the genetic info that must be passed to each new generation of cells

16. C. Energy Producing Organelles
Mitochondria
change the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use
have a degree of independence from the rest of the cell

17. C. Energy Producing Organelles
Chloroplasts
trap the energy of sunlight and convert it into chemical energy
found only in plant cells & algae
have a degree of independence from the rest of the cell

18. D. Transport/Homeostasis
Ribosomes
structures in which proteins are made
composed of RNA & protein
some are attached to membranes (rough ER); others are free in the cytoplasm

19. D. Transport/Homeostasis
Endoplasmic Reticulum (er)
complex network of sacs that transport materials in the cell
2 types:
smooth er
rough er

20. D. Transport/Homeostasis
Smooth er
walls of the sacs look smooth
stores special chemicals and enzymes

21. D. Transport/Homeostasis
Rough er
involved in synthesis of proteins
has ribosomes stuck to surface (make it look “rough”)
chemically modifies proteins

22. D. Transport/Homeostasis
Golgi apparatus (body)
looks like a flattened stack of membranes (pancakes)
modifies, collects, packages, & distributes molecules made at one location of the cell and used at another

23. Golgi apparatus

24. D. Transport/Homeostasis
Lysosomes
contain chemicals & enzymes necessary for digesting certain materials in the cell
the “clean-up crew”
not in plant cells

25. D. Transport/Homeostasis
Vacuoles
saclike storage structures
store water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates
plants have a large central vacuole to store excess water

26. D. Transport/Homeostasis
Plastids
store food and pigments
3 examples
chloroplasts: store chlorophyll
leukoplasts: store starch
chromoplasts: store pigment molecules

27. E. Framework Cytoskeleton
variety of filaments and fibers that support cell structure and drive cell movement
composed of microtubules and microfilaments

28. Cytoskeleton

29. E. Framework Microtubules hollow tubes aid in support and movement
Cilia: short, thread-like
Flagella: long, whip-like
Centrioles
Located near the nucleus
Help organize cell division
Not found in plant cells

30. E. Framework Microfilaments long, thin fibers movement & support
movement of cytoplasm