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Created by C. Ippolito May 2006 Chapter 18 Classification
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Created by C. Ippolito May 2006 Chapter 18 Section 1 Finding Order in Diversity Objectives Explain how living things are organized for study Describe binomial nomenclature Explain Linnaeus’s system of classification
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Created by C. Ippolito May 2006 Why Classify Biologists use a classification system to name organisms and group them in a logical manner Taxonomy The branch of biology that classifies and assigns organisms a universally accepted name
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Created by C. Ippolito May 2006 Early Efforts at Naming Organisms early scientific names described in details names were too long common names - used by local people was too confusing too many names mountain lion, puma, cougar, panther, Indian cat
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Created by C. Ippolito May 2006 Binomial Nomenclature Caroleus Linnaeus Swedish botanist proposed new system Binomial Nomenclature each species assigned a two part scientific name genus – a Latin noun identifying organism species – a Latin adjective describing the “type”
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Created by C. Ippolito May 2006 Linnaeus’s System of Classification Taxon a group or level of organization Linnaeus’s system uses SEVEN (7) taxonomic levels kingdom phylum class order genus species
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Created by C. Ippolito May 2006 Modern Taxonomy Phylogeny – __________ history of the species Phylogeny – __________ history of the species StructuralInformation Structural Information BiochemicalInformation Biochemical Information Cytological Information Embryological Information Behavioral Information Slide 7 Updated February 1, 2004
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Created by C. Ippolito May 2006 Kingdom Characteristics Characteristics used for grouping Cell Type – Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic Body Form – unicellular or multicellular Cell Wall - composition Nutrition - autotroph or heterotroph Nervous System - yes or no Locomotion – yes or no Slide 8 Updated February 1, 2004
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Created by C. Ippolito May 2006 Animal Kingdom eukaryotic cells – eukaryotic body form multicellular body form – multicellular none cell wall – none heterotrophic nutrition – heterotrophic ingestion yes nervous system – yes yes locomotion - yes Slide 9 Updated February 1, 2004
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Created by C. Ippolito May 2006 Plant Kingdom cells – eukaryotic body form – multicellular cell wall – cellulose nutrition – autotrophic photosynthesis nervous system – no locomotion - non motile Slide 10 Updated February 1, 2004
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Created by C. Ippolito May 2006 Fungi Kingdom cells – eukaryotic body form – most multicellular cell wall – chitin nutrition – heterotrophic saprophytic (absorbs) nervous system – no locomotion - non motile Slide 11
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Created by C. Ippolito May 2006 Protist Kingdom eukaryotic cells – eukaryotic body form unicellular body form – unicellular cellulose, silica, varies cell wall – cellulose, silica, varies autotrophic & heterotrophic nutrition – autotrophic & heterotrophic no nervous system – no cilia, flagella, pseudopods, spores locomotion – cilia, flagella, pseudopods, spores Slide 12 Updated February 1, 2004
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Created by C. Ippolito May 2006 Eubacteria Kingdom prokaryotic cells – prokaryotic body form unicellular body form – unicellular peptidoglycan cell wall – peptidoglycan autotrophic & heterotrophic nutrition – autotrophic & heterotrophic no nervous system – no varies locomotion - varies Slide 13 Updated February 1, 2004
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Created by C. Ippolito May 2006 Archaebacteria Kingdom prokaryotic cells – prokaryotic body form unicellular body form – unicellular peptidoglycan cell wall – lack peptidoglycan autotrophic & heterotrophic nutrition – autotrophic & heterotrophic no nervous system – no varies locomotion - varies Slide 14 Updated February 1, 2004
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