1. Click to edit Master title style Click to edit Master text styles – Second level Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level 1 Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy ©  Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy Steering Gear GME ajit / Tr Sup (Engg) 12/09/2012

2. Click to edit Master title style Click to edit Master text styles – Second level Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level 2 Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy ©  Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy ©  2 Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy 2 Contents The force on the Rudder The Rudder Moment or Turning Moment of the ship Torque on Rudder Stock Rudder Types Balanced & Unbalanced Rudders Steering Gear Basics Steering Gear - Rudder Stock, Tiller 4 RAM Steering Gear Circuit 2 Ram Steering Gear Circuit Servo Controlled Axial Variable Delivery Pump 4 RAM Steering Gear Dubai Express 4 RAM Steering Gear 4 RAM Steering Gear movement video Piston Cylinder type Steering Gear Rotary Vane Steering Gear M.T. Atlantic Hope Steering Gear ajit / Tr Sup (Engg) 12/09/2012

3. Click to edit Master title style Click to edit Master text styles – Second level Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level 3 Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy ©  Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy 3 ©  Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy 3 ajit / Tr Sup (Engg) 07/08/2012 The force on the Rudder Contents Magnitude of the Force F = KAV 2, Where K = 570 to 610 based on rudder design A is the area of the rudder V is the speed of water flowing past the rudder, due either Ship’s speed Current Propeller wash Point of action of the force - Center of Pressure is at distance x from leading edge, where x = 0.195 + 0.305 Sin θ, where θ = Rudder angle

4. Click to edit Master title style Click to edit Master text styles – Second level Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level 4 Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy ©  Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy 4 ©  Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy 4 ajit / Tr Sup (Engg) 07/08/2012 Rudder Moment or Turning Moment Contents

5. Click to edit Master title style Click to edit Master text styles – Second level Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level 5 Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy ©  Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy 5 ©  Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy 5 ajit / Tr Sup (Engg) 07/08/2012 Torque on Rudder Stock Contents The torque on the rudder stock T = F Sin θ × distance “x”

6. Click to edit Master title style Click to edit Master text styles – Second level Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level 6 Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy ©  Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy 6 ©  Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy 6 ajit / Tr Sup (Engg) 07/08/2012 Balancing of Rudder Contents

7. Click to edit Master title style Click to edit Master text styles – Second level Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level 7 Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy ©  Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy 7 ©  Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy 7 ajit / Tr Sup (Engg) 07/08/2012 Rudder (Turning) Moment and Torque on Rudder Stock Contents F = KAV 2 (K=570 to 610 based on rudder design) X = 0.195 + 0.305 Sinθ The rudder area is about 1/60 to 1/70 of ships L × Depth Aspect Ratio of Rudder = Breadth / Depth Lower aspect ratio preferred if no limitations to depth With higher aspect ratio, more distance needed ahead of rudder to achieve balance Semi balanced rudder is a compromise if balanced cannot be achieved due, 1. Limitations in depth 2. Limitations in distance between propeller and rudder leading edge

8. Click to edit Master title style Click to edit Master text styles – Second level Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level 8 Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy ©  Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy 8 ©  Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy 8 ajit / Tr Sup (Engg) 07/08/2012 Balanced & Unbalanced Rudders Contents Angle of balance is the angle of rudder at which, there is no torque on the rudder stock. The rudder will remain at angle of balance without application of torque by steering gear. Balanced Rudder 20 – 37 % of area forward of turning axis There is an angle of balance Torque at 35 Deg is reduced Unbalanced Rudder No area forward of turning axis There is NO angle of balance Torque at 35 Deg is high Semi Balanced Rudder Less than 20 % area forward of turning axis There is NO angle of balance Torque at 35 Deg is less than unbalanced A is the vertical turning axis of rudder. Top fig is Balanced rudder Bottom fig is Un balanced rudder

9. Click to edit Master title style Click to edit Master text styles – Second level Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level 9 Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy ©  Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy 9 ©  Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy 9 ajit / Tr Sup (Engg) 07/08/2012 Rudder Types Contents Spade RudderRudder on a Horn Rudder with Skeg support

10. Click to edit Master title style Click to edit Master text styles – Second level Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level 10 Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy ©  Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy 10 Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy ©  Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy 10 ajit / Tr Sup (Engg) 07/08/2012 Steering Gear Basics Contents Main Steering Gear Usually consists of two identical power units Auxiliary Steering Gear Need not be fitted if main has two power units Performance requirement of main steering gear 35 to 30 degrees movement of rudder in 28 secs with ship at service speed and design draught, with all power systems in operation (for cargo ships) Components of Electro Hydraulic Steering gear system 1. The Power Unit Electro Hydraulic (Fixed OR Variable Delivery Pumps) 2. The Actuator Ram & Cylinder Piston & Cylinder Rotary Vane (Component no: 3 below is not required for this type) 3. The tiller and rudder stock 4. The control system Electric / Electronic control system Electro Hydraulic control system Hydraulic control system

11. Click to edit Master title style Click to edit Master text styles – Second level Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level 11 Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy ©  Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy 11 Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy ©  Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy 11 ajit / Tr Sup (Engg) 07/08/2012 Steering Gear - Rudder Stock, Tiller Contents

12. Click to edit Master title style Click to edit Master text styles – Second level Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level 12 Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy ©  Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy 12 Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy ©  Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy 12 ajit / Tr Sup (Engg) 07/08/2012 4 RAM Steering Gear Circuit Meeting SOLAS requirement for tankers above 1,00,000 DWT Contents A – Directional Control v/v B – Bypass v/v C – Isolating v/v D – Relief v/v

13. Click to edit Master title style Click to edit Master text styles – Second level Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level 13 Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy ©  Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy 13 Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy ©  Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy 13 ajit / Tr Sup (Engg) 07/08/2012 2 RAM Steering Gear Circuit Contents A – Directional Control v/v B – Bypass v/v C – Isolating v/v D – Relief v/v

14. Click to edit Master title style Click to edit Master text styles – Second level Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level 14 Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy ©  Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy 14 Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy ©  Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy 14 ajit / Tr Sup (Engg) 12/09/2012 Servo Controlled Axial Variable Delivery Pump Contents

15. Click to edit Master title style Click to edit Master text styles – Second level Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level 15 Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy ©  Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy 15 Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy ©  Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy 15 ajit / Tr Sup (Engg) 07/08/2012 4 RAM Steering Gear Contents

16. Click to edit Master title style Click to edit Master text styles – Second level Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level 16 Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy ©  Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy 16 Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy ©  Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy 16 ajit / Tr Sup (Engg) 07/08/2012 X Head Type Contents

17. Click to edit Master title style Click to edit Master text styles – Second level Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level 17 Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy ©  Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy 17 Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy ©  Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy 17 ajit / Tr Sup (Engg) 07/08/2012 Dubai Express 4 RAM Steering Gear Contents

18. Click to edit Master title style Click to edit Master text styles – Second level Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level 18 Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy ©  Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy 18 Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy ©  Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy 18 ajit / Tr Sup (Engg) 07/08/2012 4 RAM Steering Gear movement video Contents

19. Click to edit Master title style Click to edit Master text styles – Second level Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level 19 Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy ©  Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy 19 Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy ©  Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy 19 ajit / Tr Sup (Engg) 07/08/2012 Piston Cylinder type Steering Gear Contents

20. Click to edit Master title style Click to edit Master text styles – Second level Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level 20 Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy ©  Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy 20 Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy ©  Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy 20 ajit / Tr Sup (Engg) 07/08/2012 Rotary Vane Steering Gear Contents Black – Rudder stock Dark Green – Rotor and Moving Vanes Pink – Stator and Fixed Vanes Pressure to Dark Blue line & Light Blue Spaces will cause clockwise rotation Pressure to Dark Green line & Light Green Spaces will cause anti clockwise rotation

21. Click to edit Master title style Click to edit Master text styles – Second level Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level 21 Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy ©  Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy 21 Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy ©  Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy 21 ajit / Tr Sup (Engg) 07/08/2012 M.T. Atlantic Hope Rotary Vane Actuator Power Units & Hydraulic tank Contents

22. Click to edit Master title style Click to edit Master text styles – Second level Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level 22 Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy ©  Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy 22 Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy ©  Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy 22 ajit / Tr Sup (Engg) 12/09/2012 Movement Reversal by Directional Control v/v Contents

23. Click to edit Master title style Click to edit Master text styles – Second level Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level 23 Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy ©  Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy 23 Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy ©  Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy 23 ajit / Tr Sup (Engg) 12/09/2012 Pilot Solenoid Operated Direction Control v/v Contents

24. Click to edit Master title style Click to edit Master text styles – Second level Third level – Fourth level » Fifth level 24 Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy ©  Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy 24 Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy ©  Anglo-Eastern Maritime Academy 24 ajit / Tr Sup (Engg) 12/09/2012 Heading ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Contents