1. World Meteorological Organization Working together in weather, climate and water WMO OMM WMO www.wmo.int Inventory & Evaluation of Space-based Instruments: Using OSCAR for space weather Jérôme Lafeuille (WMO) Alain Hilgers (ESA) 11th European Space Weather Week 17-21 November 2014

2. Talking points 1.Introduction to the OSCAR resource 2.Factual information contained in OSCAR 3.Mapping instruments to variables 4.Conclusion: potential use and collaboration opportunities ESWW-11, Liège, 17-21 November 2014 2

3. What is OSCAR ? Observing System Capability Analysis and Review On-line resource containing a description of satellite instruments and a repository of observation requirements from various WMO application areas – including space weather Scope – Initially Earth-observation (weather, climate, hydrology) – Now being extended to space weather ESWW-11, Liège, 17-21 November 2014 3

4. OSCAR | Concept ESWW-11, Liège, 17-21 November 2014 4

5. Two types of information in OSCAR/Space Factual information > 600 Earth observation or space weather satellites > 800 instruments (~ 260 space weather instruments) Regularly updated with input from agencies Mapping with target capabilities defined by WMO Expert assessments – Mapping of instruments with variables – Level of relevance of the instrument for the variable ESWW-11, Liège, 17-21 November 2014 5

6. Knowing all about satellite and instrument characteristics… 2. Factual information ESWW-11, Liège, 17-21 November 2014 6

7. Quicksearch box (www.wmo.int/oscar) GOE… www.wmo.int/oscar 7

8. ESWW-11, Liège, 17-21 November 2014 Satellite view (e.g. GOES-R) Satellite view 8

9. ESWW-11, Liège, 17-21 November 2014 9

10. Satellite view (e.g. GOES-R) Satellite view 10

11. Instrument view ESWW-11, Liège, 17-21 November 2014 11

12. Mapping with WMO-defined target capabilities ESWW-11, Liège, 17-21 November 2014 12

13. ESWW-11, Liège, 17-21 November 2014 Multi-purpose VIS/IR imagery from LEOLightning imagery from LEO Multi-purpose VIS/IR imagery from GEOLightning imagery from GEO IR temperature/humidity sounding from LEOCloud and precipitation profiling by radar IR temperature/humidity sounding from GEOLidar observation (wind, cloud/aerosol, trace gases, altit.) MW temperature/humidity sounding from LEOCross-nadir SW spectrometry (for chemistry) from LEO MW temperature/humidity sounding from GEOCross-nadir SW spectrometry (for chemistry) from GEO Multi-purpose MW imageryCross-nadir IR spectrometry (for chemistry) from LEO Low-frequency MW imageryCross-nadir IR spectrometry (for chemistry) from GEO Radio occultation soundingLimb-sounding spectrometry Earth radiation budget from LEOHigh-resolution imagery for land observation Earth radiation budget from GEOSynthetic Aperture Radar Sea-surface wind by active and passive MWGravity field measuring systems Radar altimetrySpace Weather: solar activity Ocean colour imagery from LEOSpace weather: solar wind and deep space monitoring Ocean colour imagery from GEOSpace Weather: ionosphere and magnetosphere monitoring Imagery with special viewing geometrySpace weather: particle monitoring Data Collection Systems and Search-and-RescuePrecise positioning List of the « capabilities » recorded in OSCAR 13

14. ESWW-11, Liège, 17-21 November 2014 Timeline for: Space Weather : solar activity 14

15. ESWW-11, Liège, 17-21 November 2014 Timeline for: Space Weather : ionosphere and magnetosphere 15

16. ESWW-11, Liège, 17-21 November 2014 3. Expert assessments: Mapping instruments to variables From an instrument: which variables can I derive? And with what degree of relevance? For a given variable: which instruments can I use? And with what degree of relevance?  OSCAR provides first-level response based on expert analysis of instrument design features 16

17. ESWW-11, Liège, 17-21 November 2014 Instrument view 17

18. ESWW-11, Liège, 17-21 November 2014 Satellite view (e.g. GOES-R) Satellite view 18

19. ESWW-11, Liège, 17-21 November 2014 19

20. ESWW-11, Liège, 17-21 November 2014 Measurement Timeline for Solar EUV flux 20

21. About the «Gap Analysis» by variable «Gap analyses by variable» are generated by OSCAR Convenient outlook, however with inherent limitations – Currently based on sensor design only, not actual instrument status – No consideration of data availability – Evaluates sensors individually, regardless of possible combinations «This does not replace a detailed analysis of actual instrument performances and derived environmental data records. The relevance also depends on …data quality, data availability and specific user requirements…” The OSCAR charts are a starting point for a detailed analysis ESWW-11, Liège, 17-21 November 2014 21

22. Instrument-variable mapping principle Design features e.g: Spectral bands Bandwidth No of channels Polarization Etc.. ESWW-11, Liège, 17-21 November 2014 XX X XX X XX X Variable 1 Variable 2 Variable 3 Variable 4 Variable 5 Variable x Variable y 22

23. Towards an expert system approach Instruments are currently grouped in homogeneous classes The relevant variables are determined «manually» for each class. Excellent results for Earth Observation instruments ( ̴600 instruments, in ̴200 classes) Unpractical for Space Weather instruments (too diverse). A new approach is being developed - based on the direct application of expert rules to each instrument Transparency: the rules can be submitted to external reviews Collaborative reviewing to improve the knowledge basis ESWW-11, Liège, 17-21 November 2014 23

24. Examples of rules For this Variable With this type of instrument If the following conditions are trueThen the relevance is Sea Surface Temperature Microwave Radiometer >=2 two-polarisations frequencies in 4-8 GHz >=1 multi-polarisation frequency in 8-12 GHz Very good Atmospheric temperature Radio- occultation Receiver compatible with >=3 GNSS constellations, and has 2 antennas Very good High energy Electron flux density energy spectrum Particle detector Detects electrons, in 300 keV - 8 MeV range, over 2 pi solid angle, energy resolution <10%, angular resolution <20% Time resolution < 10 s Excellent Solar wind velocity Particle detector Detects protons, in 0-10 keV, Over 2 pi solid angle, sun pointing Energy resol. <10%, angular resol. <10% Time resolution <10 s Excellent ESWW-11, Liège, 17-21 November 2014 24

25. 5. Conclusions In the Earth Observation domain, OSCAR is widely used – Applications, training, research, space agencies – Support to high-level global coordination of satellite plans – Advocacy for future missions In the space weather domain, a number of instruments and satellites are recorded but not fully evaluated An expert system approach is being developed to better account for space weather instruments Opportunity to build a collaborative tool with the community, for the community ESWW-11, Liège, 17-21 November 2014 25

26. Thank you for your attention! Please visit: www.wmo.int/oscar Your feedback is welcome jlafeuille@wmo.int www.wmo.int ESWW-11, Liège, 17-21 November 201426

27. ESWW-11, Liège, 17-21 November 2014 World Meteorological Organization The specialized United Nations agency for meteorology (weather and climate), operational hydrology and related geophysical sciences. Space Weather is considered a “related geophysical science” WMO headquarters, Geneva 27