1. WMO Drought Activities
Robert Stefanski
Chief, Agricultural Meteorology Division
WMO

3. Global
Distribution of (a) number of reported disasters, (b) reported deaths and (c) reported economic losses (1970–2012)
(a)
(b)
(c)
Source: Atlas of Mortality and Economic Losses from Weather, Climate and Water Extremes (1970–2012), WMO, WMO- No. 1123
WMO/CRED Analysis using EM-DAT data
Main 3

4. Global WMO/CRED Analysis using EM-DAT data Main
Source: Atlas of Mortality and Economic Losses from Weather, Climate and Water Extremes (1970–2012), WMO, WMO- No. 1123
WMO/CRED Analysis using EM-DAT data
Main

5. Regional Intercomparisons
AFR
ASIA
SAM
NCA
PAC
EUR
Source: Atlas of Mortality and Economic Losses from Weather, Climate and Water Extremes (1970–2012), WMO, WMO- No. 1123
WMO/CRED Analysis using EM-DAT data
Main 5

6. Global Framework for Climate Services
Goal: Enable better management of the risks of climate variability and change and adaptation to climate change at all levels, through development and incorporation of science-based climate information and prediction into planning, policy and practice.
WORLD CLIMATE CONFERENCE - 3 Geneva, Switzerland 31 August–4 September 2009

7. Why a Framework for Climate Services?
Infrastructural Capacities of Countries
as of Aug 2010 to provide Basic, Essential,
Full and Advanced Climate Services.
Many countries lack the infrastructural, technical, human and institutional capacities to provide high-quality climate services.
Drew figure from data found on p. 123 (Ch 4) Fig. 4.1 Number of countries that were able, as of August 2010, to provide basic (category I), essential (category II), full (category III), and advanced (category IV) climate services.

8. GFCS Priorities
Agriculture
Disaster risk reduction
Water
Health

9. GFCS Components User Interface Platform (UIP)
Climate Services Information System (CSIS)
Observations and Monitoring
Research, Modeling and Prediction
Capacity Building

10. High-Level Meeting on National Drought Policies
March
Over 414 participants from 87 countries
Main Partners – UNCCD, FAO, WMO
Key message: Help countries move from reactive to proactive drought policies
12 representatives of UN agencies and international and regional organizations (UNU, IFRC, IOM, CBD, WFP, IAEA, UNECA, JRC, ICARDA, GWP, ACMAD, ISDR)
Final Declaration adopted – 10

13. Regional National Drought Management Policy Workshops
Central & Eastern Europe, Romania - July 2013
Latin America and Caribbean, Brazil, Dec 2013
Asia-Pacific, Vietnam, May 2014
Eastern & Southern Africa, Ethiopia, Aug 2014
North Africa and SW Asia, Egypt, Nov 2014
West Africa / Wrap up – 2015 13

14. National Drought Management Policy Workshops - Sessions
Country Reports
Keynote Presentation – Don Wilhite
Drought monitoring and early warning systems - WMO
Vulnerability and risk assessment – UNCCD
Biodiversity and Drought – CBD
Drought preparedness, mitigation and responses – FAO 14

15. Users of Agrometeorological Information
Any drought decision-maker:
International officials (i.e. Red Cross, WFP, ISDR)
Government officials
Ag Extension agent, Water resource manager
Farmers, ranchers, foresters, fishers
Media
General public 15 15

16. Indicators & Triggers Definitions
Indicators: Variables to describe drought conditions.
Examples: precipitation, streamflows, groundwater, reservoir levels, soil moisture, Palmer indices, …
Triggers: Specific values of the indicator that initiate and terminate each level of a drought plan, and associated management responses.
Example: precipitation below the 5th percentile for two consecutive months is a Level 4 Drought.
Source: Svoboda, 2009

18. Integrated Drought Management Programme - IDMP www.idmp.info18

19. The Cycle of Disaster Management
Source: National Drought Mitigation Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln

20. IDMP Objectives
To support stakeholders at all levels by providing policy and management guidance and by sharing scientific information, knowledge and best practices for Integrated Drought Management. 
Contributes to global coordination of drought-related efforts of existing organizations & agencies:
Better scientific understanding & inputs for drought management;
Drought risk assessment, monitoring, prediction and early warning;
Policy and planning for drought preparedness and mitigation across sectors; and
Drought risk reduction and response 20

21. IDMP Areas of Work Development of Tools Capacity Building
Demonstration Projects
Responding to Regional and National Needs
5) Development of Drought HelpDesk
For example development of National Drought Management Policy Guidelines and Tool on developing Early Warning Systems
Linked to the tools and tailor made
Currently support to regional projects on drought management in CEE, WAF and HoA and supporting development of drought management programmes in other regions
Linked to 3) and upon request
The HelpDesk will be the entry point/portal to contact the IDMP/ get information on IDM. Modelled on APFM HelpDesk. To be launched at World Water Week 2014 once contents developed and programme fully operational. 21 21

22. Drought Help Desk Two function areas Help Yourself Get Help
Drought Management Tools
Questions and Answers bank
Reference Centre databases
Discussion group using social media
Get Help
Personal assitance for Drought Management (policies, laws, strategies)
Capacity building
A rapid guidance to the tools of the Help Yourself
The HelpDesk will be the entry point/portal to contact the IDMP/ get information on IDM. Modelled on APFM HelpDesk. To be launched at World Water Week 2014 once contents developed and programme fully operational. 22

23. Current Actions - IDMP Established at HMNDP – March 2013
Donor funding to IDMP
Technical Support Unit created Jul-Aug 2013
Advisory Committee & Management Meeting Sep 2014
IDMP regional projects
Central and Eastern Europe
West Africa
East Africa
South Asia Drought Monitoring System (IWMI) 23

24. Organizations interested to participate in IDMP (Status November 2014)
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD)
Australian Bureau of Meteorology
Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA)
International Commission for Irrigation and Drainage (ICID)
International Water Management Institute (IWMI)
Joint Research Centre (JRC)
Mexico’s National Water Commission (CONAGUA)
Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI)
U.S. National Drought Mitigation Center (NDMC)
UNDP Cap-Net
United Nations Development Progamme (UNDP)
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNISDR)
University of Nebraska Daugherty Water for Food Institute
University of Southern Queensland
UN-Water Decade Programme on Capacity Development
World Bank

25. IDMP CEE (Central and Eastern Europe)
Executed by GWP CEE. Implementation well on its way with 64 agreements with 28 partner institutions. Implementation started in June Fundraising for continuation beyond 2015 ongoing.
Focus of the IDMP CEE:
Awareness raising
National Drought Policies/ Action Plans:
Guidelines for preparation of the drought management plans within river basin management plans according to European Union Water Framework Directive
National consultation dialogues to discuss preparation of drought management plans
Drought monitoring platform with information for the region on the status of drought
Demonstration projects testing innovative solutions for better resilience to drought
Capacity building trainings and workshops on national and regional levels
Documentation: Compendium of good practices

26. South Asian Drought Monitoring System a collaboration of GWP-WMO-IWMI as part of the WMO/GWP Integrated Drought Management Programme (IDMP)
Regional Drought Monitoring System to support regionally coordinated drought mitigation efforts that can be further tailored to the national level
Moving from crisis management to risk management
User ownership through GWP South Asian Regional Water Partnerships with the Country Water Partnerships in Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka to work with relevant actors from Government, research and civil society in the region to ensure the system addresses need.
Technical development by CGIAR International Water Management Institute integrating remote sensing and ground truth data (vegetation indices, rainfall data, soil information, hydrological data) for
Government support through WMO Climate Outlook Fora, Regional Climate Centers and HydroMet Services as platforms for knowledge exchange and user involvement

27. South Asian Drought Monitoring System Expected Outputs
Enhanced understanding and quantification of drought’s magnitude, spatial extent, and potential impact to capture the complexity of drought onset, progression, and extremity;
Produce historical to current high spatial and temporal drought risk maps to provide current view of drought propagation on a weekly-basis;
Identify drought hotspots, support preparedness and drought mitigation and provide early warning at regional, national, state and community level
Operational drought monitoring system(s) installed in national center(s) and regional hub
National capacity in drought monitoring built in all participating countries to address the gaps identified through needs assessment
Regional sharing and dissemination of operational drought information the users can download at country level for subsequent analysis

29. Outcomes of Sep 2014 IDMP Meetings
Proposed publications:
Integrated Drought Management Framework Document
Drought Indices Handbook
Series of Case Studies
Engage with partners to exchange information on drought to further enhance HelpDesk
Develop cooperation mechanism with partners to allow contributions to IDMP in consistent way avoiding duplications.
Consider organizing an international conference on drought management in 2016 29

30. 2009 Seminar - Mali Met Service Presentation30 30

31. 2009 Seminar – Farmers ask Questions31 31

32. 2009 Seminar – Demonstration of Raingauge32 32

33. Distribution of Rainguages to Nigerian Farmers

34. METAGRI Project - Roving Seminars on Weather, Climate and Farmers in West Africa
Goal: increased self-reliance of rural farmers by raising awareness of effective weather & climate risk management and sustainable use of weather and climate information and services for agricultural production.
( ) involved 15 countries organized over 350 seminars
14,300 farmers participated including 1,400 rural women
7,000+ rain gauges were distributed 34

35. S2S structure

36. Database Description www.s2sprediction.net
Daily real-time forecasts + re-forecasts
3 weeks behind real-time
Common grid (1.5x1.5 degree)
Variables archived: about 80 variables including ocean variables, stratospheric levels and soil moisture/temperature
Archived in GRIB2 – NETCDF conversion available
Database to open in early 2015, initially with 3 models (ECMWF, NCEP and JMA)

37. S2S partners Time-range Resol. Ens. Size Freq. Hcsts Hcst length
Hcst Freq
Hcst Size
ECMWF
D 0-32
T639/319L91 51
2/week
On the fly
Past 18y
2/weekly 11
UKMO
D 0-60
N96L85 4
daily
4/month 3
NCEP
D 0-45
N126L64
4/daily
Fix 1 EC
D 0-35
0.6x0.6L40 21
weekly
Past 15y
CAWCR
T47L17 33
6/month
JMA
D 0-34
T159L60 50
3/month 5
KMA
N216L85
CMA
T106L40
1992-now
Met.Fr
T127L31
monthly
SAWS
T42L19 6
HMCR
D 0-63
1.1x1.4 L28 20 10

38. Summary related to GDIS Issues
Global Drought Research / Forecasting important (WCRP, S2S, GFCS-CSIS)
Regional Monitoring can be linked to existing projects & capacity development at regional / national projects
Users / partners includes RCCs / RCOFs, UN (WFP, FAO), CCAFS, FEWSNET, GEOGLAM
Focus on areas not covered
Data issues need to be addressed at several levels (GFCS, WIGOS, GDIS partners) 38

39. Thank you for your attention

40. Global WMO/CRED Analysis using EM-DAT data Main
Source: Atlas of Mortality and Economic Losses from Weather, Climate and Water Extremes (1970–2012), WMO, WMO- No. 1123
WMO/CRED Analysis using EM-DAT data
Main

41. Regional Intercomparisons
WMO
AFR
ASIA
SAM
NCA
PAC
EUR
Source: Atlas of Mortality and Economic Losses from Weather, Climate and Water Extremes (1970–2012), WMO, WMO- No. 1123
WMO/CRED Analysis using EM-DAT data
Main 41