1. HRD in Optometry Luigi Bilotto Director Global Human Resource Development

2. What are the needs Strategic approach to address the HR shortages Relate relevant experiences Toward a working model Challenges

3. Global Avoidable Blindness 802m VI 123m DVI due to URE 517m NVI due to presbyopia 90% in developing context 640 million people are blind or vision impaired simply because they don’t have a pair of glasses

4. HRD Shortage

5. WHO RegionsPOPDist URE VI (> 5 yo)Near URE VI (> 40yo)Total UREExisting URE HRRequired URE HR Africa7547173476 301 39964 164 60170 466 0004 15210 971 Americas90252439013 799 59376 654 00790 453 60027 5555 275 Eastern Mediterranean5606125315 851 76445 221 87251 073 6379 5664 089 Europe86821076415 088 10527 838 18442 926 28951 6791 924 South East Asia170327730754 546 893141 629 888196 176 78112 41521 651 Western Pacific176060953061 896 806183 309 383245 206 18960 3781 481 Unassigned (EUR + WPR)607 2315 636 0486 243 2796 465185 GLOBAL6 601 747 622158 091 791544 453 983702 545 774172 21145 575 Estimated Cost of Correcting URE, Fricke TR et al.

6. HRD Shortage −170 000 HR existing − 50 000 HR needed −Assumes: Ratio = 1 / 50 000 Fulltime commitment Only dealing with VI 250 0001 /10 000 325 000 75 % 20 %1 M+

7. Optometry Programs Developing context ~ 30% 90% of the need Africa17 Asia Pacific88 Eastern Mediterranean24 Europe113 Latin America30 North America22 TOTAL295

8. Strategic Approach −Targets good working basis −Effective needs call for a solid foundation Integrated Certified Upscalable Sustainable 1.Implement educational systems 2.Increase capacity of existing institutions

9. Evidence Basis Experience in 3 countries Africa Aim: 4-5 year degree Multilevel scheme −Needs −Resources −Educational structures −Faculty development Post Grad Optometrist 2 years Optometric Technician 2-3 years

10. Diploma (OT) in Lilongwe (2010) Degree (Optom) in Mzuzu (2008) Malawi

11. Target = 300 10/year 20/year

12. Malawi Target = 300 20/year 40/year #

13. Diploma (OT) 2009 Degree (Optom) 2012 Eritrea (Asmara)

14. Eritrea Target = 100 12/year 20/year

15. Degree (Optom) 2009 Mozambique (Nampula)

16. Target = 400 20/year

17. Mozambique (Nampula) Target = 400 60/year #

18. Mali (Bamako) Target = 320 (64)

19. Mali (Bamako) Target = 320 (64)

20. Towards Best Practice Model Partnerships Support Empowerment Appraisal

21. Towards Best Practice Model Partnerships Support Empowerment Appraisal Institutions Government NGO / Funders

22. Towards Best Practice Model Partnerships Support Empowerment Appraisal Curriculum Educational Faculty Infrastructure

23. Towards Best Practice Model Partnerships Support Empowerment Appraisal Systems Local HR Sustainability

24. Towards Best Practice Model Partnerships Support Empowerment Appraisal Monitor Assess Validate Cost-effectiveness

25. Global Optometry Support Initiative Africa −Mali (2009) −Cameroon (2011) −Kenya (2011) −Uganda (2013) −Tanzania −Ethiopia Asia −Vietnam (2013) −India −China ME −Pakistan −Bangladesh −Sri Lanka Latin America

26. Indicators suggest that this approach is effective and probably cost-effective How do we facilitate it? escalate it?