1. The Endocrine System
Chapter 13

2. Overview of Structures, Combining Forms, and Functions of the Endocrine System

3. Structures of the Endocrine System

4. Click Here to play Endocrine System animation

5. Adrenal Glands Primary Function Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
Regulate electrolyte levels
Influence metabolism
Respond to stress
Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
adren/o
(continues)

6. Adrenal Glands

7. Gonads* Primary Function Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
regulate development and maintenance of secondary sex characteristics
Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
gonad/o
*Males: testicles (2)
*Females: ovaries (2)

8. Secondary Sex Characteristics
Click Here to play Secondary Sex Characteristics animation

9. Male Testicles (Testes)
Primary Function
Sperm-producing gland
Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
testic/o

10. Female Ovaries Primary Function Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
Ova (egg) producing gland
Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
ovari/o

11. Pancreatic Islets Primary Function
Control blood sugar levels and glucose metabolism
Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
pancreat/o

12. Click Here to play Pancreas animation
The Pancreas
Click Here to play Pancreas animation

13. Parathyroid Glands Primary Function
Regulate calcium levels throughout the body
Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
parathyroid/o

14. Parathyroid Glands

15. Pineal Gland Primary Function Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
Influences the sleep-wakefulness cycle
Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
pineal/o

16. Pineal Gland

17. Pituitary Gland Primary Function Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
Secretes hormones that control the activity of the other endocrine glands
Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
pituit/o, pituitar/o
(continues)

18. Pituitary Gland

19. Thymus Primary Function Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
Plays a major role in the immune reaction
Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
thym/o

20. Thyroid Gland Primary Function Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
Stimulates metabolism, growth, and the activity of the nervous system
Related Word Parts (Combining Forms)
thyr/o, thyroid/o

21. Click Here to play Diabetic Retinopathy animation

22. Key Word Parts and Definitions
acr/o
extremities (hands and feet), top, extreme point
adren/o
adrenal glands
crin/o
secrete
-dipsia
thirst
(continues)

23. Key Word Parts and Definitions
glyc/o
glucose, sugar
gonad/o
gonad, sex glands
-ism
condition, state of
pancreat/o
pancreas
(continues)

24. Key Word Parts and Definitions
parathyroid/o
parathyroid glands
pineal/o
pineal gland
pituitar/o
pituitary gland
poly-
many
(continues)

25. Key Word Parts and Definitions
somat/o
body
thym/o
thymus gland
thyr/o, thyroid/o
thyroid gland

26. Questions

27. Question In which organ is insulin produced? the pancreas the kidney
the liver

28. Answer
a. the pancreas

29. Question
The thyroid cartilage when enlarged is commonly known as an “Adam’s Apple.”
True or False?

30. Answer
True. The thyroid gland is located just below the thyroid cartilage.

31. Question
Hyperglycemia is an abnormally low concentration of glucose in the blood.
True or False?

32. Answer
False. Hypoglycemia is an abnormally low concentration of glucose in the blood.

33. Question
Which of these is the form in which the liver stores excess blood sugar?
glucose
glycogen
glucagon

34. Answer
b. glycogen

35. Answers to Learning Exercises

36. Chapter 13 Answers Matching Word Parts 1 13.1. adren/o 13.2. acr/o
13.3. gonad/o
dipsia
13.5. crin/o
Matching Word Parts 2
ism
13.7. pancreat/o
13.8. parathyroid/o
13.9. pineal/o
pituitar/o

37. Chapter 13 Answers Matching Word Parts 3 13.11. somat/o 13.12. poly-
glyc/o
thyroid/o
thym/o
Definitions
luteinizing
pituitary
adrenocorticotropic
thymus
calcitonin
adrenal cortex
glucagon
adrenal medulla
oxytocin
testosterone

38. Chapter 13 Answers Matching Structures 13.26. pancreatic islets
pituitary gland
pineal gland
adrenal glands
thyroid gland
Which Word?
acromegaly
anterior
insulin resistance
diabetes insipidus
Cushing’s syndrome

39. Chapter 13 Answers Spelling Counts 13.36. luteinizing 13.37. mellitus
myxedema
progesterone
thymosin
Abbreviation Identification
adrenocorticotropic hormone
antidiuretic hormone
diabetes mellitus
fasting blood sugar
follicle-stimulating hormone

40. Chapter 13 Answers Term Selection 13.46. thyroid storm
hypercalcemia
parathyroid
prolactinoma
fructosamine
Sentence Completion
electrolytes
thyroxine
retinopathy
polyphagia
exophthalmos

41. Chapter 13 Answers Word Surgery 13.56. hyper-, pituitar, -ism
hypo-, glyc, -emia
hyper-, insulin, -ism
gynec/o, mast, -ia
hypo-, calc, -emia
True/False
False
True
False
False
True

42. Chapter 13 Answers Clinical Conditions 13.66. antidiuretic
polydipsia
Addison’s disease
insulinoma
Hashimoto’s disease
anabolic
leptin
cretinism
gigantism
pancreatectomy
Which Is the Correct Medical Term?
neurohormones
pituitary adenoma
Graves’
diabetic coma
melatonin

43. Chapter 13 Answers Challenge Word Building 13.81. adrenopathy
endocrinology
adrenomegaly
thymopathy
thyroiditis
pancreatotomy
thyroidotomy
pinealopathy
insulinemia
adrenitis
Labeling Exercises
pineal
parathyroid
thymus
ovaries
hypothalamus
pituitary
thyroid
adrenal
pancreatic
testicles