2. Discussion 
What do you predict happened to resolve the problem of the two governments? Why?
a civil war would occur, because the two governments would have a hard time sharing power.

4. Discussion 
How might Chinese history have been different if the Nationalists had won the civil war?
The Nationalists would not have collectivized property or nationalized industry and that China would have remained a capitalist nation.

7. The Great Leap Forward
Collectivizing farmland: In an effort to create a socialist state, the Communist government took over private farmland. As part of the Great Leap Forward, the farmland was divided into huge communes.
Attempt to Create a Classless Society: Mao hoped the Great Leap Forward would speed economic growth and help create a classless society by the year 2000.
Economic Disaster: Bad weather and resistance from peasants led to the massive failure of the Great Leap Forward. Food production fell and millions starved.

9. Discussion 
How did Mao use economic policies to try to establish a classless society?
He nationalized most industry and set up huge communes where large numbers of men and women worked together.

10. Predictable Misunderstandings
You may think that Taiwan (the Republic of China) and the People's Republic of China on mainland China are recognized by the UN as two separate countries, which is not the case. When the Communists took over mainland China in 1949, the Nationalist government fled to Taiwan and made it their seat of government. The United Nations recognized Nationalist China as the official representative of China until 1971, when it was replaced in the UN by the government of the People's Republic of China. The relationship between mainland China and Taiwan has varied over the years, depending on the leadership.

11. Discussion Why were workers unhappy under the commune system?
Workers had no monetary incentive to work hard, since everyone was paid the same, and that they may have received little individual recognition for their work. Because they worked and lived in close quarters, the people had little privacy; many may have disliked group living.

12. Important Terms
The word commune comes from a Latin root also found in such words as community, communicate, and common.
Communes bring together people who share a common purpose.