1. Main Idea 1: The physical features of Northern Europe include low mountain ranges and jagged coastlines. Two regions make up Northern Europe. –British Isles-The United Kingdom and Ireland –Scandinavia— Norway Sweden and Finland. Denmark and Iceland.

2. Physical Features Hills and Mountains Rocky soil and uneven terrain make farming difficult. Fewer people live there. Farmland and Plains Southern parts of British Isles and Scandinavia. Ireland’s hills provide rich farmland. Effects of Glaciers Jagged coastlines cut by glaciers Fjords, narrow inlets of the sea set between high, rocky cliffs, formed as glaciers melted.

3. Main Idea 2: Northern Europe’s natural resources include energy sources, soils, and seas. timber-producing forests in the Scandinavian peninsula. rich farmland. sheep and dairy cattle are common. Energy Oil and natural gas in the North Sea Hydroelectric energy Geothermal energy, or energy from the heat of Earth’s interior Forests and Soils Fishing is key industry in Norway, Denmark, and Iceland. Seas and Oceans

4. Main Idea 3: The climates of Northern Europe range from a mild coastal climate to a freezing ice cap climate. North Atlantic Drift, an ocean current that brings warm, moist air across the Atlantic Ocean. Much of Northern Europe has wet and mild climate. –Denmark, the British Isles Far north are colder climates. –Northern Scandinavia has a subarctic climate. –tundra and ice cap climates.

5. Main Idea 1: British Isles Today. Two independent countries make up the British Isles. –Republic of Ireland –United Kingdom, which is a union of four small countries England Scotland Wales Northern Ireland

6. Main Idea 2: British culture, such as government and music, has influenced much of the world. United Kingdom –Constitutional monarchy—a democracy in which a king or queen serves as a leader but a legislature makes laws - Prime minister leads British government. - Britain’s Parliament Makes its laws. Republic of Ireland –President as head of state –Prime minister, appointed by the president, runs the government with the Irish parliament.

7. Main Idea 2: Scandinavia today is known for its peaceful and prosperous countries. Today, the countries of Scandinavia have much in common –Similar political views, languages, and religion –strong economies, and well-educated workers –Sweden, Denmark, Finland, and Norway, are peaceful, stable, and prosperous nations.

8. Scandinavia Today Sweden Largest and most populous Scandinavian country More than 80 percent live in urban areas Stockholm, capital and largest city, is built on 14 islands and part of the mainland. Sweden has been a neutral country for more than 200 years, meaning that it has chosen not to take sides in international conflicts. Denmark Smallest Scandinavian country and most densely populated About 50 percent of land is used for farming. Farm goods are important exports. Modern industries, such as iron and electronics, are important as well.

9. Scandinavia Today, continued Norway One of the longest coastlines in the world Fjords shelter Norway’s many harbors. Oslo, capital city, is the country’s leading seaport and industrial center. Highest per capita GDP in Scandinavia North Sea provides valuable oil and natural gas resources. Refused to join the European Union Finland Easternmost Scandinavian country, between Sweden and Russia Helsinki is the capital and the largest city. Trade is important. Paper and forest products are important exports. Shipbuilding and electronics are important industries.

24. Click on the window to start video