2. Latin America

3. Countries of Mexico and Central America MexicoMexico Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, PanamaBelize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama

4. Countries of the Caribbean Cuba, Haiti, Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Puerto Rico (US)Cuba, Haiti, Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Puerto Rico (US)

5. Countries of South America Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina, Chile, UruguayColombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina, Chile, Uruguay

7. Physical Features Major Mountain rangesMajor Mountain ranges –Andes Mountains –Sierra Madre Mountains--Oriental and Occidental Rainforests (Amazon River Basin)Rainforests (Amazon River Basin) Coastal Desert - Atacama DesertCoastal Desert - Atacama Desert Amazon River BasinAmazon River Basin

8. Tropical Grasslands – Pampas (Argentina) and the Llanos (Colombia and Venezuela)Tropical Grasslands – Pampas (Argentina) and the Llanos (Colombia and Venezuela) Archipelagoes - groups of related islandsArchipelagoes - groups of related islands Reversed seasons south of the EquatorReversed seasons south of the Equator Volcanoes and EarthquakesVolcanoes and Earthquakes

9. Vertical Zonation of Climates in Latin AmericaVertical Zonation of Climates in Latin America –Tierra Fria-cold –Tierra Templada-temperate –Tierra Caliente-hot

10. Middle America Mountain Ranges Sierra Madres of MexicoSierra Madres of Mexico (3 different ranges) (3 different ranges) - Oriental (Eastern Coast) - Occidental (Western Coast) - Del Sur (Southern border)

11. Sierra Madres

12. Sierra rocky cliffs

13. South American Mountain Ranges AndesAndes – Longest chain in the world – 2 nd highest range in the world – Run from Chile to Panama

14. ANDES

15. Peaks in the ANDES

16. Atacama DesertAtacama Desert –Driest desert in the World. –Sheltered from the rainforest by the Andes

17. Atacama

18. Rainforests cover much of Latin America.Rainforests cover much of Latin America. Rain forests are near the equator.Rain forests are near the equator. Amazon rainforest covers almost 2 million acres.Amazon rainforest covers almost 2 million acres.

19. Water fall in the forest

21. Amazon River Basin Over 1000 tributaries feed the Amazon River.Over 1000 tributaries feed the Amazon River. Drains an area almost the size of the USA.Drains an area almost the size of the USA. Amazon is the largest river in the world.Amazon is the largest river in the world. Drains 60 times more water then the Nile.Drains 60 times more water then the Nile.

22. Amazon flowing through the rainforest.

23. Amazon River Basin (dark green)

24. PampasPampas – In Argentina – Used for grazing cattle and farming (wheat) – Ranchers are called gauchos

25. Cattle on the Pampas

26. Gauchos in Argentina

27. Grasslands Llanos In Venezuela & Colombia In Venezuela & Colombia Used for grazing and farming Used for grazing and farming Ranchers are called llaneros Ranchers are called llaneros

28. A small pond on the llanos

29. Shade trees on the llanos

30. Archipelagoes (groups of islands) BahamasBahamas –Hundreds of islands off the tip of Florida and to the North of Cuba

31. Bahamas

32. Bahamas from space

33. Greater AntillesGreater Antilles –Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Hispaniola

34. Lesser AntillesLesser Antilles –Smaller islands to the South of Puerto Rico

35. The Beach

36. Warm Blue Water

37. Economic Characteristics diverse economiesdiverse economies subsistence farmingsubsistence farming plantation agricultureplantation agriculture slash and burn agricultureslash and burn agriculture cash crops and food cropscash crops and food crops haciendashaciendas cattle ranches and gauchoscattle ranches and gauchos

38. deforestationdeforestation destruction of the rainforestsdestruction of the rainforests oil resources--Ecuador, Venezuela, Mexicooil resources--Ecuador, Venezuela, Mexico Heavy smog and pollution-- Mexico CityHeavy smog and pollution-- Mexico City

39. disparity of income distributiondisparity of income distribution NAFTA member (United States, Canada, & Mexico)NAFTA member (United States, Canada, & Mexico) diverse mineral resourcesdiverse mineral resources –copper in Chile –iron ore in Venezuela and Brazil

40. Cultural Characteristics Indian civilizations--Aztec, IncaIndian civilizations--Aztec, Inca African traditions--slavesAfrican traditions--slaves influences of European colonization- -Spanishinfluences of European colonization- -Spanish predominance of the Roman Catholic religionpredominance of the Roman Catholic religion rigid social structure—no movementrigid social structure—no movement

41. Mestizos-European and NativeMestizos-European and Native location of settlements--coastal in South Americalocation of settlements--coastal in South America Megacities with large squatter settlementsMegacities with large squatter settlements rapid population growthrapid population growth out-migrationout-migration

42. Cultural heritage music--African influences, calypso, steel drum bands, reggaemusic--African influences, calypso, steel drum bands, reggae traditional dancestraditional dances Spanish and Portuguese languagesSpanish and Portuguese languages

43. Steel Drums

44. Steel Drum Band

45. Cultural landscape pyramids and cathedralspyramids and cathedrals haciendas and ejidos (communal land)haciendas and ejidos (communal land) ruins at Machu Picchuruins at Machu Picchu ruins at Tikalruins at Tikal

46. Cathedrals in Mexico

47. Squatter settlement/Shantytown/Favela

48. Squatter settlements often result from… Rapid Urbanization

49. Squatter settlements usually develop on the outskirts of a megacity. The wealthy people live in the heart of the city, while the poor tend to live on the rim of the city, in shantytowns or squatter settlements. Latin American Favela

50. Native American heritage

51. Mayan

54. ancient Mayan cityancient Mayan city ceremonial and civic centerceremonial and civic center Tikal is the "New York City" of the Maya, its skyscraper-like pyramids soaring up out of the jungle canopy.Tikal is the "New York City" of the Maya, its skyscraper-like pyramids soaring up out of the jungle canopy.

55. Tikal in Guatemala

56. Tikal

57. Inca

58. Incan Chieftan

59. Inca city of Machu Picchu

60. Machu Picchu in Peru

61. ancient city that the Inca claimed was the center of the earth.

62. FIN

63. Latin America--Test Review What is the main language of Latin America? What are the two primary languages? SpanishSpanish Spanish and PortugueseSpanish and Portuguese What is the main religion of Latin America? Roman CatholicRoman Catholic

64. Name the major mountain ranges of Mexico? Sierra Madres Oriental and Sierra Madre OccidentalSierra Madres Oriental and Sierra Madre Occidental What is the most important and populous region of Mexico? Central PlateauCentral Plateau

65. What do Tierra Fria, Tierra Templada, and Tierra Caliente have in common? All are climate zones from the Latin American mountain regions.All are climate zones from the Latin American mountain regions. Ancient Mayan ruins can be found in which region of Mexico? Yucatan PeninsulaYucatan Peninsula

66. Which native civilization was conquered by Cortez and the Spanish in Mexico? the Aztecsthe Aztecs What three cultures make-up Mexico? Ancient Indian, colonial Spanish and modern MexicanAncient Indian, colonial Spanish and modern Mexican

67. What is an EJIDOS? Farmland owned collectively by members of a rural communityFarmland owned collectively by members of a rural community What is a HACIENDA? Large Spanish-owned estates of land, usually run as a farm or cattle ranchLarge Spanish-owned estates of land, usually run as a farm or cattle ranch

68. What is a mestizo? Person of mixed Spanish/European and native Indian (Amerindian)Person of mixed Spanish/European and native Indian (Amerindian) What economic alliance is Mexico a member of? NAFTANAFTA

69. What is an isthmus? A narrow strip of land with water on both sidesA narrow strip of land with water on both sides What is the main economic activity of Latin America? Agriculture (mostly subsistence farming)Agriculture (mostly subsistence farming)

70. What does an unequal distribution of wealth mean? Most money/resources controlled by a fewMost money/resources controlled by a few

71. What do Cuba, Puerto Rico, Jamaica, and Hispaniola (Haiti and the Dominican Republic) make up? Greater AntillesGreater Antilles What group was originally brought to the Caribbean to work on the sugar plantations? AfricansAfricans

72. What is an archipelago? Island group or island chainIsland group or island chain What is subsistence farming? Growing only enough for your useGrowing only enough for your use What are the tropical grasslands of South America called? Llanos and pampasLlanos and pampas

73. What is the predominant climate in Latin America?What is the predominant climate in Latin America? Tropical climatesTropical climates Does Latin America have volcanoes and earthquakes? YESYES What do Ecuador, Venezuela and Mexico have in common? oiloil

74. What is the main problem in Mexico City? Smog and pollutionSmog and pollution What mineral resources does Chile have? CopperCopper

75. What was the ancient South American native culture conquered by Spain? IncasIncas

76. Describe Latin America’s social structure. RigidRigid What 3 things do most Latin American cities have in common? Coastal, megacities, squatter settlementsCoastal, megacities, squatter settlements

77. What is Machu Picchu? Ancient Incan ruinsAncient Incan ruins What is the name of the ancient Mayan ruins in Guatemala? TikalTikal

78. Name the major mountain range of South America? AndesAndes When it is summer in the US, what season is it in Argentina? winterwinter

79. What is the largest economic activity in Argentina’s patagonia/pampa region? Cattle ranchingCattle ranching What are Argentina’s cattle ranchers called? gauchosgauchos