2. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis Cell Growth and Division Cell Growth and Division Heredity Heredity Genetic Engineering Genetic Engineering Genetics

3. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

4. DNA Nucleic acid that stores and transmits the genetic information from one generation of an organism to the next. Nucleic acid that stores and transmits the genetic information from one generation of an organism to the next.

5. Nucleic Acid: large, complex organic molecule that stores genetic information in nucleotides Nucleic Acid: large, complex organic molecule that stores genetic information in nucleotides

6. Nucleotides 5 Carbon sugar, deoxyribose 5 Carbon sugar, deoxyribose Phosphate group Phosphate group Nitrogenous base Nitrogenous base

7. 4 Nitrogenous bases 2 Purines 2 Purines –Adenine –Guanine 2 Pyrimidines 2 Pyrimidines –Thymine –Cytosine

8. Replication 1. DNA molecule is unzipped 2. 2 separate strands are available

9. 3. The separated strands serve as a mold, for a new strand 4. Complementary nucleotides attach to the mold

10. Adenine and Thymine are complimentary Adenine and Thymine are complimentary Guanine and Cytosine are complimentary Guanine and Cytosine are complimentary

11. RNA Sugar: ribose Sugar: ribose Single stranded Single stranded Uracil in place of Thymine Uracil in place of Thymine

12. Transcription The DNA code is first transferred into mRNA The DNA code is first transferred into mRNA –mRNA is the first copy made of the mold

13. mRNA carries the information out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm. mRNA carries the information out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm.

14. mRNA attaches to the ribosomes mRNA attaches to the ribosomes tRNA collect amino acids and carry them to the mRNA tRNA collect amino acids and carry them to the mRNA Translation

15. The anticodons of tRNA attach to the appropriate codons of mRNA. The anticodons of tRNA attach to the appropriate codons of mRNA. The amino acids are forming new specific proteins The amino acids are forming new specific proteins

16. The new proteins are now organized to provide new strands of DNA The new proteins are now organized to provide new strands of DNA EXACT COPIES! EXACT COPIES!

17. Example ATG TAC ACT –U–U–U–UGA –A–A–A–ACT CTA GAT TGA –A–ACU –T–TGA

18. Practice AGT AGT TCA TCA ATG ATG GTA GTA CTG CTG GAT GAT CGT CGT ACG ACG

19. QUIZ Complimentary DNA 1. AGT 2. CTG 3. ACT 4. TGA

20. Complimentary RNA and DNA? 1. AGT 2. CTA 3. GAT 4. CGT

21. 1. TCA 2. GAC 3. TGA 4. ACT Answers

22. 1. UCA  AGT 2. GAU  CTA 3. CUA  GAT 4. GCA  CGT Answers

23. LAB 1 G A C A A G T C C A C A A T C 2 C U G U U C A G G U G U U A G

24. 3. leucine-phenylalanine- arginine-cysteine-stop 4. aspartic acid-cysteine- glycine-leucine-valine

25. Extra practice: C T G A C C G G A T T A C T G A C C G G A T T A G A C U G G C C U A A U G A C U G G C C U A A U Aspartic Acid-Tryptophan- Proline- Asparagine Aspartic Acid-Tryptophan- Proline- Asparagine STOP- Serine- Glycine- Glutamine STOP- Serine- Glycine- Glutamine