1. Coming to America “Immigration is painful to all men”

2. Why do people leave their homeland?  Economic Poverty, Famine, “land of opportunity”  Religious Pilgrims, Freedom to Worship Pilgrims, Freedom to Worship  Political Declaration of Independence Declaration of Independence  Forced Slavery Slavery

3. Waves of Immigrants OLDNEWMODERN WEALTH APPEARANCE TREATMENT RELIGION

4. Old immigrants/modern times

5. OLD Immigration  Old Immigrants: (1840-1890) Northern/Western Europe Germany, Ireland, England, Sweden, Norway, Holland

6. Old Immigrants  Relocate to Midwest Farmland Wisconsin, Minnesota, Illinois, Ohio Wisconsin, Minnesota, Illinois, Ohio Remain Isolated Remain Isolated Hold onto culture and language for several generations. Hold onto culture and language for several generations.

7. Old Immigrants  Wealth?  Appearance?  Treatment in America  Religion  Some wealth, buy farm, not dirt poor.  Light skin, light hair, white. Generally Accepted. Mainly Protestant

8. Old Immigrants

9. New Immigration  New Immigrants (1890-1930)  18 Million  Southern/Eastern Europe  Italy, Hungary, Spain, Russia, Poland, Greece

11. Travel  Ships (2 Weeks)  Steerage (bottom of ship) poor ventilation, food, air quality, toilets, no privacy.  Cost = $50.00

12. Travel / Entry Points  70 % New York City Baltimore, Boston, Philadelphia Baltimore, Boston, Philadelphia Ellis Island, NY. (Welcome/Process Station) Located near Statue of Liberty. Ellis Island, NY. (Welcome/Process Station) Located near Statue of Liberty. Who is “fit” to live in America? Who is “fit” to live in America?

13. New Immigrants  Relocate to major industrial cities. New York, Chicago, Detroit, Cleveland, Boston New York, Chicago, Detroit, Cleveland, Boston Become ghetto dwellers. Become ghetto dwellers. Live in small cramped urban apartments. Make money and send for relatives. Live in small cramped urban apartments. Make money and send for relatives.

14. New Immigrants  Wealth  Appearance  Treatment in America  Religion  Poor to Very Poor  Darker Skin, Darker Hair, (White)  Not accepted, Flood job market, appearance, religion.  Catholic, Greek Orthodox

15. New Immigrants

16. Additional Facts on Immigration  25 Million come to U.S.A. Between 1860- 1930  Some want to limit Immigration 1890 (close of Western Frontier) “No more West”  Fear of Increased competition leads to new legislation/nativist attitudes

17. Chinese Immigration  Entry: San Francisco, Seattle  Reasons: Build R.R. Economic  Settle: Mostly Urban, but found in Rural areas

18. Legal Actions Taken Against Immigrants  Chinese Exclusion Act 1882 (Cuts off all immigration from China)  Immigration Act 1917 (Ended immigration from most Asian-Pacific regions)  Emergency Quota Act (3% of each nationality living in America)

19. Nativist Reaction to Immigration Nativism=Hostility from native-born Americans. -Racism -Taking Jobs -Won’t become “Real Americans”

20. Recent/Current Immigration  Modern Immigration (1960 – Present) Mexico, South America, Asia Mexico, South America, Asia Multiculturalism Multiculturalism Bilingualism Bilingualism Illegal Immigration Illegal Immigration

21. What is Janek’s Experience???? What immigration issues does Janek deal with??