1. Urinary System

2. KIDNEY

3. Renal capsule
Outer layer of kidney

4. Renal cortex
Superficial reddish area

5. Renal medulla
Deep darker area containing the pyramids and columns

6. Renal column
Area between the pyramids

7. Renal pyramid 2 3 1 4 5 6 7

8. Minor calyx
Each kidney contains 8-18

9. Major calyx
Each kidney contains 2-3

10. Renal pelvis

11. Renal hilum

12. Ureter

13. Bladder

14. trigone
Contains the 2 ureteral openings

15. Detrusor muscle

16. Transitional epithelium

17. Urethra

18. Prostatic urethra
Portion of the urethra that passes through the prostate

19. Membranous urethra
Intermediate and shortest section of the male urethra

20. Penile urethra
Portion of the urethra that passes through the penis

21. Internal urethral sphincter

22. External urethral sphincter

23. RENAL BLOOD SUPPLY

24. Renal artery

25. Segmental artery
Renal artery divides and each segmental artery supplies one renal region

26. Interlobar artery
Blood vessels that pass through the columns between the pyramids

27. Arcuate artery
Blood vessels that form an arc between the cortex and the medulla

28. Interlobular artery
Branch from arcuate arteries to enter the cortex

29. Afferent arteriole
Branches from interlobular arteries and is where blood enters glomerulus

30. Glomerulus

31. Efferent arteriole
Blood exits glomerulus

32. Peritubular capillaries
efferent arterioles divide to surround portions of the nephron in the cortex

33. Vasa recta
Some efferent arterioles have long loop-shaped capillaries that surround portions of the nephron in the medulla

34. Interlobular vein
Peritubular capillaries reunite to form interlobular veins
Interlobular veins also receive blood from the vasa recta

35. Arcuate vein
Receives blood from the interlobular veins

36. Interlobar vein
Pass through the renal columns and receives blood from arcuate veins

37. Segmental vein
Receives blood from the interlobar veins

38. Renal vein

39. Nephron
Contains one renal corpuscle and its renal tubule

40. Renal corpuscle Lies in the cortex and contains Glomerulus
Bowman’s Capsule

41. Glomerulus

42. Glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule
Double walled epithelial cup that surrounds the glomerulus

43. Visceral layer of Bowman’s capsule
Nucleus of podocyte

44. Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
(orange twisted)
Portion of renal tubule that lies in the cortex and is attached to the glomerulus and coiled

45. Loop of Henle Also called a nephron loop
Extends into the medulla, makes a hairpin turn, and returns to the cortex

46. Descending limb
(orange straight)
Portion of the nephron loop that descends from the PCT into the medulla

47. Ascending limb
(purple straight)
Portion of the nephron loop that ascends from medulla and returns to the cortex, attaching to the DCT

48. Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
(purple twisted)
Portion of renal tubule that lies in the cortex and is attached to the collecting duct and coiled

49. Collecting tubule (duct)
Several DCTs drain into one collecting duct

50. Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA)
Distant Convoluted Tubule
Afferent arteriole
Regulates arterial blood pressure and the rate of blood filtration by the kidneys

51. Macula densa
Tall crowded cells on the wall of the distal convoluted tubule that monitor ion concentration of the fluid passing through

52. Juxtaglomerular cells
In the wall of the afferent arteriole
These are modified smooth muscle fibers

53. Types of nephrons

54. cortical
80-85% of nephrons
Nephrons that have a short loop of Henle and glomeruli in the superficial region of the cortex
Cortex
Medulla

55. juxtamedullary Cortex Medulla
15-20% of nephrons
Cortex
Medulla
Nephrons that have glomeruli in the cortex close to the medulla and a long loop of Henle that spans the medulla