1. Blood Vessels and Blood

2. P5 Assessment
To achieve P5 you need to describe:
The different structures within the heart (i.e. atria, ventricles and so forth).
The different types of blood vessels (such as the arteries) outlining their structure and function, i.e. thick walls and taking blood away from the heart.
The role of the circulatory system both at rest and during exercise, i.e. delivery of oxygen to the muscles and removal of waste products.
To achieve M2 you need to explain the function of the cardiovascular system:
• How does it work?
• How is each part of the system designed to meet its function?

3. The Blood Vessels Introduction
We have a variety of different vessels within the cardiovascular system to deliver and remove nutrients and waste products.
Blood in the arteries is bright red, as it is carrying oxygen. It drops off the oxygen and picks up carbon dioxide as it moves through the capillaries. By the time it reaches the veins and venules it is a much darker blue/red colour.

4. 5 main blood vessels Arteries Veins Carry blood away from the heart
Where gas exchange takes place
Carry blood back to the heart
Arteries
Arterioles
Capillaries
Venules
Veins

5. Arteries & Arterioles
Arteries are large blood vessels, that carry blood away from the heart.
Thick Elastic muscular walls
Artery walls contain elastic cartilage and smooth muscle, This allows the arteries walls to contract and relax to send blood to all parts of the body
This process is known as perstalsis, and is how smooth muscle contracts
Carry Oxygenated blood
Apart from the pulmonary artery, which carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs to get Oxygen

6. Arteries & Arterioles Aorta Small round lumen
Operate under high pressure
Arteries don’t contain valves, as the blood is moving quickly under high pressure, so there is no chance of backflow.
Aorta
Main artery leaving the heart
It soon splits into smaller vessels – Arterioles
Arterioles deliver the blood to the capillaries

7. Capillaries Smallest blood vessels Found in all cells of the body
Just one cell thick
Very thin walls
Allows oxygen and other nutrients to diffuse through the cell walls.
Blood flows very slowly through the capillaries so that this can happen
Effectively in the capillaries, the blood unloads the Oxygen and picks up carbon dioxide and lactic acid (the waste products of metabolism)

8. Veins & Venules
The blood feeds from the capillaries back to the venules and then the veins.
Larger oval lumen
Means blood flows at lower speed and pressure.
Thinner and less muscular than arteries
Have some smooth muscle
Contracts to help sent the blood back to the heart

9. Veins & Venules Deoxygenated blood
Carry blood back to the heart
Generally working against gravity
Particularly blood that is going back to the heart from the legs or arms, as it is below the heart.
Valves
To prevent the blood from flowing back once the smooth muscle relaxes.
Prevents pooling, particularly in the legs
Deoxygenated blood
Apart from pulmonary vein which carries oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart.

10. Task…
You are going to outline the function and characteristics of each of the 6 types of Blood Vessels that serve the circulatory system…
Including:
Physical characteristics that classify each blood vessel.
What their function is within the CIRCULATORY system?
What do they transport?

11. Blood
It is the medium in which all the cells are carried to transport nutrients and Oxygen (O2) to the cells of the body.
It carries:
- Oxygen, Glucose, Proteins, Fats, Vitamins, Hormones, Enzymes, Platelets, Carbon Dioxide and Electrolytes.
Plasma: straw coloured liquid that all solids are carried within.
Made up of 4 components:
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets
Plasma

12. Red Blood Cells
Red blood cells make up 99% of the population of the blood cells in the body
They are RED in colour due to the presence of a protein called HAEMOGLOBIN and absolutely loves Oxygen (massive attraction!)
Making RED blood cells soul purpose to transport OXYGEN!

13. White Blood Cells
They are colourless and transparent and fewer in number to red blood cells (1:700)
The role of White blood cells is to fight infection as they are part of the immune system.
They destroy bacteria and other dangerous organisms… thus fighting potential infection.

14. Platelets They act by stopping blood loss through clotting
They become sticky when in contact with air to form the initial stage of repair to the damaged tissue…
They act by stopping blood loss through clotting
Yet platelets need a substance called x-Factor 8 to enable them to become active and do their job/clot.