1. POSTMODERNISM Lic. Mariana Mussetta Literary Studies II Licenciatura en Lengua Inglesa UTN FRVM

2. MODERNITY/ POSTMODERNITY general philosophical or social condition ………………………………………………….. MODERNISM/ POSTMODERNISM artistic phenomena Estudios Literarios. Lic. en Lengua Inglesa. Lic. Mariana Mussetta

3. USUAL COLLOCATIONS Modern/ postmodern: times, practises, reader, condition, view, perspective, critique, theory, system, state Modern/ postmodern: times, practises, reader, condition, view, perspective, critique, theory, system, state (postmodern: also used as a noun) (postmodern: also used as a noun) Modernist/ postmodernist: writer, writing, text, fiction, literature Modernist/ postmodernist: writer, writing, text, fiction, literature Estudios Literarios. Lic. en Lengua Inglesa. Lic. Mariana Mussetta

4. ATTEMPTS TO DEFINE POSTMODERNISM Estudios Literarios. Lic. en Lengua Inglesa. Lic. Mariana Mussetta

5. A wide-ranging set of developments in critical theory, philosophy, architecture, art, literature, and culture, which are generally characterized as either emerging from, in reaction to, or superseding, modernism. Estudios Literarios. Lic. en Lengua Inglesa. Lic. Mariana Mussetta

6. A cultural, intellectual, or artistic state lacking a clear central hierarchy or organizing principle and embodying extreme complexity, contradiction, ambiguity, diversity, and interconnectedness or interreferentiality. Estudios Literarios. Lic. en Lengua Inglesa. Lic. Mariana Mussetta

7. MODERN TIMES/ MODERNISM POSTMODERN TIMES/ POSTMODERNISM Rational, scientific, logical means to know the world Rejection of rationalism and objectivity Progress through science and reason No belief in progress Optimism (understand and control the world) Pessimism, cynicism Absolute, universal truthsPartial truths History: narrative of “what happened” History: one more narrative Depth (meaning, value, content)Appearance and surface Attempt to achieve a unified, Coherent world view Impossibility of such attempt Clear distinction between high culture and low culture Blurring of limits between high and low culture Reaction against existing orderParody and self-reference

8. Estudios Literarios. Lic. en Lengua Inglesa. Lic. Mariana Mussetta MODERN TIMES/ MODERNISM POSTMODERN TIMES/ POSTMODERNISM Hierarchy, order, centralized controlDecentralized control, fragmentation Stylistic innovationImitation of “dead” styles Symbols and meaningSymbols drained of meaning Straight, clear lines in architecturePlayful mixture of styles Dichotomies: organic/ inorganic, mind/body, human being/ machine, male/ female. Challenge to binary oppositions “Big” ideas, rule of centralized political parties Decentralized power, interest groups Internet : web 1.0 (static)Internet: web 2.0 (dynamic, cooperative) Unified identityMultiple identities Artist: creatorArtist: recycling agent

9. Estudios Literarios. Lic. en Lengua Inglesa. Lic. Mariana Mussetta MODERN TIMES/ MODERNISM POSTMODERN TIMES/ POSTMODERNISM Work of art: unique object and finished work, validated by standards (cannon) Art: process, performance, intertextuality. Challenge to cannon AbsolutismRelativism OriginalityImitation Clear generic boundariesHybridity CenterPeriphery Ultimate meaningDifferance (Derrida) Grand-narrativesDisbelief of metanarratives (Lyotard: The Postmodern Condition, 1979) Rational quest for knowledge + Christinality given central focus as a Western value Flourishing of religious fundamentalism (also as a reaction to moral relativism) Belief in the power of humankind to control and exploit nature Ecological movements

10. “Rule-breaking art” David Lodge (1977) Estudios Literarios. Lic. en Lengua Inglesa. Lic. Mariana Mussetta

11. “Incredulity toward metanarratives” “Incredulity toward metanarratives” Lyotard, Jean-François (1984) Estudios Literarios. Lic. en Lengua Inglesa. Lic. Mariana Mussetta

12. “Telling postmodernist stories” McHale, Brian (1992) Estudios Literarios. Lic. en Lengua Inglesa. Lic. Mariana Mussetta

13. Higgins, Dick: From cognitive to postcognitive questions ………...………………………….. McHale, Brian: From an epistemological dominant to an ontological dominant Estudios Literarios. Lic. en Lengua Inglesa. Lic. Mariana Mussetta

14. Dick Higgins COGNITIVE QUESTIONS: COGNITIVE QUESTIONS: “How can I interpret this world of which I am part? And what am I in it?” POSTCOGNITIVE QUESTIONS: POSTCOGNITIVE QUESTIONS: “Which world is this? What is to be done in it? Which of my selves is to do it?” Estudios Literarios. Lic. en Lengua Inglesa. Lic. Mariana Mussetta

15. EPISTEMOLOGICAL DOMINANT Questioning knowledge of the world What is there to be known? What is there to be known? Who knows it? Who knows it? How do they know it and with what degree of certainty? How do they know it and with what degree of certainty? How is knowledge transmitted from one knower to another, and with what degree of reliability?” How is knowledge transmitted from one knower to another, and with what degree of reliability?” Brian Mc.Hale Estudios Literarios. Lic. en Lengua Inglesa. Lic. Mariana Mussetta

16. ONTOLOGICAL DOMINANT Questioning the world itself Brian Mc.Hale Is this world anything other than a construct? Does it have a 'real' existence outside my construction of reality? Is my construction any more real than anyone else's?" Estudios Literarios. Lic. en Lengua Inglesa. Lic. Mariana Mussetta