1. 1-2 Notes – The Cell (Part 1)
Chapter 1, Lesson 2

2. Cell Shape and Movement
Cell shape and size is related to function

3. Cell Membrane Found in all cells Protective outer covering
Selectively permeable – some things cannot enter a cell, and others cannot leave
Flexible layer of phospholipids

4. Cell Membrane

5. Cell Membrane

6. Cell Wall Found in plants, fungi, some bacteria
Outside the cell membrane
Supports and protects the cell
Very rigid
Plant cell walls made mostly of cellulose, a carbohydrate

7. Cell Wall

8. Cell Appendages
An appendage is something that helps you move (arm, leg, wing, flipper)
Two kinds: flagella and cilia
A flagellum (singular) is a tail-like appendage (can have one or more)
Cilia are short, hairlike appendages, and occur in large numbers

9. Cell Appendages

10. Cytoplasm A thick fluid made of mostly water
Structures and substances in cell are suspended in the cytoplasm

11. Cytoskeleton Network of fibers responsible for: Muscle contraction
Cell division
Cell movement
Maintenance of cell shape

12. Cytoskeleton

13. Cell Organelles Structures suspended in the cytoplasm
Have specific functions
Not found in single-celled organisms

14. Nucleus Often called the control center of the cell
Surrounded by a membrane
Inside is the nucleolus, which helps make proteins

15. Nucleus
Contains genetic material (nucleic acids) for making all the molecules of a cell
Long chains of DNA are coiled into structures called chromosomes
The same kind of organisms have the same number of chromosomes in each cell (humans have 46, cats have 38, dogs have 78, beans have 22, mosquitoes have 6)

16. Nucleus

17. Nucleus

18. Ribosomes Manufacture proteins Not membrane-bound Found in all cells
Made in nucleolus and move into cytoplasm
May be attached to the endoplasmic reticulum

19. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Highly-folded membrane connected to the nucleus’ membrane
2 kinds: rough ER, smooth ER

20. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Rough ER has ribosomes on its surface, and makes proteins
Smooth ER does not have ribosomes, and makes lipids

21. Mitochondrion (Plural = mitochondria)
Food energy is transformed into usable energy here (needed by all living things)
Sometimes called the “power house” of a cell
Cells that require more energy (muscles) have more mitochondria

22. Chloroplasts Plants can make their own food in this organelle
Use light energy to make food (sugar)
Found in nearly all plants and some single-celled organisms
Not found in animal cells

23. What is the function of a flagellum? A transport nutrients
1.2 The Cell
What is the function of a flagellum?
A transport nutrients
B maintain cell shape
C store molecules
D cell movement

24. What do mitochondria use to make energy? A food molecules
1.2 The Cell
What do mitochondria use to make energy?
A food molecules
B light energy
C water
D air

25. Where is genetic information stored in plant and animal cells?
SCI 1.c
Where is genetic information stored in plant and animal cells?
A nucleus
B cell membrane
C ribosomes
D chloroplasts

26. Which organelle releases energy for cell functions? A nucleus
SCI 1.d
Which organelle releases energy for cell functions?
A nucleus
B chloroplasts
C ribosomes
D mitochondria

27. What organelle uses sunlight energy to make food? A cell wall
SCI 1.d
What organelle uses sunlight energy to make food?
A cell wall
B chloroplasts
C mitochondria
D central vacuole