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A. Cell Wall Cell walls are the outermost boundary in ____, _______, and _______. They are not found in ___________. The primary function of the cell wall is to provide _____________. The cell wall does not regulate what ___________ the cell. 1. Cell walls of plants are composed of ________ 2. Cell walls of fungi are composed of __________ fungi bacteria plants animal cells structure and support enters and leaves cellulose Chitin
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B. Cell Membrane Every cell is surrounded by a cell membrane made of ____________. The cell membrane is selectively permeable which means _______________________________________________________________________. This characteristic is critical in helping the cell maintain _______________. The cell membrane is also called the __________ membrane. Lipid bilayer it only allows certain substances in and certain substances out homeostasis plasma
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IV. INSIDE A EUKARYOTIC CELL
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Inside the cell consists of the:
Nucleus Cytoplasm- includes the _________ or “cell gel” and the ___________, which means “_________” Cytosol organelles Mini organs
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Nucleus _____________ of the cell. Genetic information stored as ____________, which is _______wrapped in ________________. Control center chromatin DNA protein Found in Both Plants & Animals
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Nucleolus Small, dense region in the nucleus. Site of ________________ production ribosome Found in Both Plants & Animals
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Nuclear Envelope Double _________________ membrane. Has nuclear ___________ which allow _______ to leave the nucleus phospholipid pores RNA Found in Both Plants & Animals
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Ribosomes Tiny, granular organelles located on _________________ or suspended in _________. Site of _________________. All cells (pro & euk) have ribosomes. Endoplasmic Reticulum cytosol protein production Found in Both Plants & Animals
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Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Extensive network continuous with _________________. Called “rough” because it has ________________ all along the membrane. Function of the rough ER is to _____________________. Most of these proteins are packaged into _____________ (like bubbles or sacs) and shuttled to the ____________ nuclear envelope ribosomes modify & transport proteins vesicles Golgi apparatus Found in Both Plants & Animals
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Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Similar to rough ER in structure, except that it lacks ______________. The smooth ER manufactures ________, breaks down _________, detoxifies __________, and ________________. ribosomes lipids glycogen poisons stores calcium Found in Both Plants & Animals
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Golgi Apparatus Flattened, round sacs that look like a sack of ________________. Receives, modifies, and ships products by way of ___________ into the ____________________________ pancakes vesicles cytosol → cell membrane_ Found in Both Plants & Animals
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Lysosome Found in __________ cells. Round sacs containing __________ that _______________ and ______________ used cell components. Also used as defense against _______ and _______________ Both animal & plant enzymes break down recycle bacteria viruses
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Vacuole Sacs that may be used as storage for _______, _________, _________________, or wastes. Plants have a large central vacuole. water Salts, proteins carbohydrates
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Mitochondria Double-walled organelle with inner folds ____________. ____________Uses _______ to manufacture energy in the form of ______. Mitochondria have their own _______. to increase surface area glucose ATP DNA
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Chloroplast Found in ______ cells. Contain __________ (green pigment) and their own ______. Chloroplasts harvest energy from the ____ to produce ____ through __________. plant chlorophyll DNA sun glucose photosynthesis
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Centrioles Found in _________ cells only. Bundles of _________________ that play a role in _________________ animal microtubules cell division
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Cytoskeleton Composed of protein fibers known as _______________ and ______________. Anchor _______________ and provide ______________. Also provide motility for some cells in the form of ___________ or ____________. More extensive cytoskeleton found in __________ cells. microtubules microfilaments organelles structure cilia flagella animal
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