1. Dog and Cat Handling

2. Restraint bags can be used to restrain cats as well as small dogs
Restraint bags can be used to restrain cats as well as small dogs. The bags are made of canvas or nylon, with a hook or other type of fastener at the neck opening and one or more zippers (or strips of Velcro) to allow selective exposure of a body part. Instead of a restraint bag, a heavy towel or a pillow case can be used to wrap the cats body, leaving the head exposed but are not nearly as effective as a bag

4. The open bag is draped over the cats back and the neck closure is fastened. The neck fastener should be tight enough that the cat cannot insert a front foot through the neck opening

5. The cat is turned on its back or held off the table so the longest zipper can be zipped. As you close the zipper, take care not to catch the cat's fur in the zipper.

6. The cats feet are now restrained so that you can work with his/her eyes, ears or give medication

7. Zippers are strategically placed around the bag to allow selective exposure of a body part. This is useful when trimming claws.

8. A heavy bath towel can substitute for a restraint bag
A heavy bath towel can substitute for a restraint bag. The cat is snugly wrapped in the towel covering all 4 feet. The bag can be held closed or pins or clips can be used to keep the towel in place

9. The head is free to allow you to work with the cat's eyes, ears or to give medications

10. One foot at a time can be pulled out from the towel restraint for toenail clipping.

11. Muzzles used for cats are called hoods and cover the end of the face and the eyes. The end of the muzzle is open for easy breathing.  The cat is often less apprehensive about having its ears or feet handled if  they cannot see

13. A cat hood can be made using a paper cup and a ribbon or string
A cat hood can be made using a paper cup and a ribbon or string. Cut off the bottom of the cup. Punch 2 holes on opposite sides of the lip of the cup. Tie 2 pieces of string or ribbon through the holes.

14. Place the cup over the cat's nose and eyes and tie the strings together behind the cat's ears.  You can tie the strings in a bow or in a knot and have a scissors handy to cut the string to remove the hood.

15. The bottom of the cup should extend 1/2  to 1 inch beyond the cat's nose. The cat can easily open his/her mouth.

16. Work with the dog in the position that (s)he finds most comfortable yet provides you adequate exposure to do what you need to do. The LEAST amount of restraint that is needed should be applied. Excessive restraint becomes a test of wills and you will find dogs to be stubborn and not give up. The more you attempt to restrain them, the harder they resist and the less pleasant and more dangerous the experience becomes for all. 
"Talk to the animals" Many dogs can be comforted by being talked to in a quiet, soothing voice. What you say is not important...the tone of voice is. Even the best behaved dog may bite if frightened. Early application of a muzzle actually reduces the need for additional restraint. Once the muzzle is in place the dog will often "give up" and stop struggling.  Several types of muzzles can be used. The end of the muzzle can be closed (basket-style muzzles ) (A,C) or open-ended (B). 

17. All the muzzles have a strap that buckles behind the ears, on the top of the head

18. Always use a basket-style muzzle on a dog with a short face such as Boston Terriers or Bulldogs so you do not interfere with their breathing.  

19. This open-ended style of muzzle should fit snuggly
This open-ended style of muzzle should fit snuggly. The dog should be able to stick its tongue out but should not be able to open the mouth any wider

20. If a muzzle is not available a length of roll gauze or ribbon can be used to create a muzzle. The gauze should NOT be stretchy. As the gauze is not very strong it should be doubled to increase strength. The length must be adequate to wrap around the muzzle at least twice, then tie behind the ears.

21. A large loop is made in the center of the length of gauze
A large loop is made in the center of the length of gauze. The loop should be about 3 times the diameter of the dog's muzzle

22. The loop is placed around the muzzle and pulled tight on the top of the nose. A single knot is tied.

23. The ends of the gauze are then tied under the jaw with a single knot.

24. The long ends of the gauze are brought behind the ears and tied in either a square knot or a easy release bow. I prefer to tie a square knot and have a scissors handy in case the muzzle needs to be quickly removed.

25. To keep a dog lying on its belly (sternal recumbency), drape your arm and upper body over the dog's shoulders. Use the opposite hand to hold the body part that is being treated.  In the position pictured, a second person could apply eye or ear medications. Stand on the opposite side from the body part being treated. If the right eye is being medicated, the holder should stand on the left side of the dog.
To keep a dog lying on its belly (sternal recumbency), drape your arm and upper body over the dog's shoulders. Use the opposite hand to hold the body part that is being treated.  In the position pictured, a second person could apply eye or ear medications. Stand on the opposite side from the body part being treated. If the right eye is being medicated, the holder should stand on the left side of the dog.

26. If the feet are being worked with, e. g
If the feet are being worked with, e.g. front toenails being trimmed, the muzzle should be held by the holder and should be turned away from the face of the person performing the toenail trim. The holder is using her right hand to keep the dog's right front foot still for nail trimming. If the dog tries to stand, use your upper body to keep the dog laying on the table.

27. If the feet are being worked with, e. g
If the feet are being worked with, e.g. front toenails being trimmed, the muzzle should be held by the holder and should be turned away from the face of the person performing the toenail trim. The holder is using her right hand to keep the dog's right front foot still for nail trimming. If the dog tries to stand, use your upper body to keep the dog laying on the table.

28. Placing the dog on its side usually allows the holder to keep the dog more still compared to a dog lying on its belly. The holder reaches over the dog and holds the front leg closest to the table, gripping the leg close to the elbow, NOT close to the paw. The other arm is draped over the belly and holds the rear leg which is closest to the table, gripping the leg close to the body, NOT close to the paw.