1. Ice Cream Taiye Oladipo FDST 4010

2. History Ice cream was introduced into the United States by Quaker colonists who brought their own ice cream recipes with them Around 1832, Augustus Jackson created several ice cream recipes as well as invented a technique to manufacture them In 1843, a woman by the name of Nancy Johnson was issued the first US patent for a small-scale hand cranked ice cream freezer machine

3. Ice Cream History Facts The ice cream sundae came about in the late 19 th century Both the ice cream cone and banana split became popular in the early 20 th century Ice cream became popular throughout the world in the latter part of the 1900s after cheap refrigeration became common Soon after, ice cream stores started to appear with even more new flavors One important innovation was the introduction of soft ice cream which contained more air and less of the actual ingredients which lessened the production cost! Around 1926, the first commercially successful continuous process freezer for ice cream was invented by Clarence Vogt.

4. Ice Cream Ingredients Milk Sugar Cream Eggs Flavorings such as Vanilla Emulsifiers, Stabilizers(such as guar gum, carageenan, and gelatin) Air!

5. Ice Cream Ingredients Cont. 10-16% milk fat 9-12% milk solids-non fat (caseins and whey proteins, lactose) 12-16% sweeteners 0.2 to 0.5% stabilizers and emulsifiers 55-64% water which comes from the milk and other ingredients Ice cream can contain as much as half air by volume

6. Ice Cream Facts Ice cream is a frozen foam meaning it’s a gas dispersed in liquid The emulsifiers in ice cream prevent separation of the fat and liquid Stabilizers work to reduce the amount of free water in ice cream and prevent it from melting Emulsifiers, Stabilizers, and air are all very important components of ice cream

7. Air?? The incorporation of air into ice cream is called overrun. Air is what gives ice cream its smooth texture and is a very integral ingredient! Without air, ice cream would be hard and grainy Standard ice cream contains an equal volume of mix and air, or an overrun of 100%

9. Hand-cranked Ice Cream Machine Just add all the ingredients including milk, sugar, cream, etc. as well as rock salt and ice cream is ready after cranking for 20 or so minutes.

10. Modern Day Ice Cream Production Starts with the receiving and storage of dry ingredients and raw materials and then subsequent mixing of ingredients

11. Homogenization and pasteurization of milk to eliminate pathogens and allow for a greater shelf life

12. Aging, flavor addition, and whipping of air into the mixture

13. Freezing and Hardening Freezing further limits microbial growth in ice cream Freezing hardens the ice cream making firm so that it holds together

14. 3 main Ice Cream types Superpremium-low overrun and high fat content, but best quality ingredients used Premium-lower overrun and higher fat content than standard Standard-higher overrun

15. Ice Cream Delivery Ice cream man(directly to consumer) Refrigerated trucks(delivery to grocery stores, etc.)

16. Raw material receiving and storage Pasteurization and Homogenization Mixing of ingredients Aging Whipping of air into mixture Freezing Packaging

17. Hardening Distribution

18. Resources http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_cream http://www.che.cemr.wvu.edu/publications/ projects/multiscale/icecream.pdfhttp://www.che.cemr.wvu.edu/publications/ projects/multiscale/icecream.pdf http://www.pastrywiz.com/letseat/icecream. htmhttp://www.pastrywiz.com/letseat/icecream. htm http://www.benjerry.com/