1. Effect of Mars Conditions on the growth of Halobacterium Kierston Jackson January 6, 2012 Rockdale Magnet School for Science and Technology

2. Rationale & Purpose The purpose of this project is to determine whether or not life can be on Mars. Finding life on other planets is important because the environment is rapidly being destroyed, so something that is a pressing issue of today’s time is trying to create life on other planets.

3. Hypothesis If the surrounding conditions of the environment are changed to the conditions of Mars then it will be harder for the bacteria to grow, and the success rate of the bacteria that will grow will be low.

4. Background Information Extremophile Microorganisms with the ability to thrive in extreme environments and are enabled to live and thrive because of the enzymes that they use called “extremozymes”.(national ocean service,2011) In this research the bacteria and conditions were chosen based on 2 extreme conditions of Mars. Mars has a -63 degrees temperature, and a 95% CO 2 atmosphere. However Earth has a 78% nitrogenous atmosphere, and an average temperature of 15 degrees Celsius

5. Background Research Cont. There have been recent reports that say that flowing water has been seen on the surface of Mars. Planetary scientist believe that the water is salt water because the presence of salt in water lowers the actual temperature of the water, which will cause the ice on Mars to melt and will result in flowing water. Salt water on Mars is a great thing because the bacteria that was tested in this project was a halophile so it can grow and thrive in conditions that have a high salinity. Flowing water on Mars

6. Methodology 1.Make Halobacterium Agar 2.Apply 3 drops of the bacteria onto the center of the plate and spread with bacti-spreader 3.Put in conditions 4.Wait 24 hours and then take the plates from their locations 5.Record any observed results 6.Place petri dishes in the incubator at 37 degrees Celsius to test viability 7.After 2 days take plates out and analyze them using imagej by NIH.

7. EDD: Experimental Design Diagram Title: The Effect of Mars like conditions on the growth of Halobacterium sp. NRC-1 Hypothesis: If the surrounding conditions of the environment are changed to the conditions of Mars then it will be harder for the bacteria to grow, and the success rate of the bacteria that will grow will be low. IV: CO2 Atmosphere and Temperature DV: Percent coverage/pixels Constants: Amount of Halobacterium sp. NRC-1 added to each Petri dish

8. Research Hypothesis If the conditions of the environment are changed to those of Mars, then it will be harder for the bacteria to grow and survive.

9. Test Used Imagej Measures percent coverage in pixels on Petri dish.

10. Descriptive Statistics Control Fridge & CO 2 FridgeFreezer & CO 2 Freezer Mode No GrowthNo growth No growth = Confluent Growth Limited Growth Confluent Growth Frequency Distribution No Growth 22201 Very Limited Growth 21 011 Limited Growth 0 002 0 Confluent Growth 01212 Trial 44444

11. Results

12. Raw Data

16. Trends Overall trend – Freezer( -4 degrees Celsius) had most growth - Freezer(-4 degrees Celsius) & CO 2 Control (37 degrees Celsius)- least amount of growth

17. Conclusions Life on Mars may be possible – Data shows that bacteria can grow and thrive in CO 2 and freezing conditions

18. Further Research Further research would definitely be an option for this project. The project could be expanded and use several different types of extremophiles instead of just the one used in this case. Also more conditions could be set other than the CO2 and the temperature variations. More sufficient ways could also be found to allow the growth to occur in more intense conditions.