1. GMO in Thai Sugar Cane Thai – Queensland Dialogue #6 Renaissance Resort & Spa, Koh Samui 25 March 2010 Nutthapol Asadathorn, Ph.D. Thai Sugar Miller Co.,Ltd.

2. GMO in Thailand Cabinet Resolution in 2001  Not allow GMOs testing in field level Not allow imports, cultivate, commercial, possession Except : Soy bean & Maize – Raw materials for human food, animal feed, industrial use

3. Regulations Plant control act 1964 & 1999 GMO plants restriction - 40 types Increase to 49 types in 2003 Restriction: Import, cultivate, commercial, possession Exception: Research & trials

4. Bio-Safety Agricultural Biosafety Board, Department of agriculture Institutional Biosafety Committee Since 1993 Biosafety guidelines on researches & commercial 33 units in universities, colleges, companies Regulations : National Environment Board, Ministry of National Resources and Environment

5. Bio-safety (1) At least 1 crop cycle trial in lab or green house (2) At least 1 crop cycle trial in testing field (3) At least 2 crop cycles or locations in field Special watch : rice, maize, soy bean, papaya

6. Certification Non-GMO certification by Department of Agriculture Cane: Issue the certificate without testing (1 in 155 products)

7. White Leaf Disease Cause: Ph ั ytoplasma, 16 SrXI-B Stay in Phloem No variety that can tollerate Insect: Leafhopper  M. hiroglyphicus  Y. flavovitatus Sandy soil – Northeastern

8. White Leaf Disease Symtoms:  Budding cane shows white-yellow narrow leaf  Chlorophyll is destroyed  Strong cane will not show symtom Treatments:  Hot water (50ºC) 2 hours for cane seed  Eliminate the infected cane

9. White Leaf Disease Research stage Study “Shiva-1 lytic peptide” Control the Phytoplasma growing in phloem National Center for Genetic Engineering Funded : National Science and Technology Development Agency

10. Conclusion Food industry prefer GMO free  Export to Europe Restriction from government policy  Food safety Bio-fuel production Production cost

11. Thank you