1. Study of Disability In Arkansas Presented by: Neha Thakkar Arkansas Center for Health Statistics Arkansas Department of Health With lot of help from: Shalini Manjanatha

2. What is BRFSS? Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System World’s largest continuously ongoing telephonic survey Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) support Currently being conducted in all the 50 states and US territories

3. BRFSS in the U.S., 1984 California Utah Idaho Montana Minnesota Wisconsin Illinois Indiana Ohio Tennessee North Carolina South Carolina West Virginia Rhode Island

4. BRFSS in the U.S., 1997 Montana Washington Wyoming Oregon Idaho Utah Nevada California Nebraska South Dakota North Dakota Colorado Arizona New Mexico Kansas Arkansas Alaska Minnesota Oklahoma Texas Louisiana Missouri Iowa Wisconsin Illinois Michigan Indiana Ohio Kentucky Tennessee Mississippi Alabama Georgia Florida Guam Puerto Rico Virgin Islands Hawaii South Carolina Virginia New Jersey Connecticut Rhode Island Massachusetts New Hampshire Maine North Carolina District of Columbia Maryland New York Pennsylvania Vermont Delaware West Virginia

5. Questionnaire & Sample Consists of 1) core questions 2) sponsored modules 3) state-added questions Sample: Randomly selected resident telephone number and randomly selected adult in the household (Stratified Random Sample)

6. Contents of BRFSS Health status, Health care access, Exercise, Environmental factors, Tobacco Usage, Alcohol Consumption, Diabetes, Asthma, Arthritis, Oral Health, Disability, HIV /AIDS, Family Planning, Women’s Health etc.

7. Limitation of the Data Due to the small sample size, the analysis is done combining four years of data rather than for each year separately. Due to this, providing a trend line for risk factors is not possible. Total Disability is considered to be the base to calculate the various risk factors.

8. Criteria for being called Disabled During 1998-2000 the disability was defined based on respondents answering “Yes” to at least one of the following questions: 1.Are you limited in the kind or amount of work you can do because of any impairment or health problem? 2.Because of any impairment or health problem, do you have any trouble learning, remembering, or concentrating? 3.Do you use special equipment or help from others to get around? 4.Are you limited in any way in any activities because of any impairment or health problem?

9. Criteria for being called Disabled During 2001 the disability definition changed. Any respondent answering “Yes” to any of the following questions would be considered to be disabled: 1.Are you limited in any way in any activities because of physical, mental or emotional problem? 2.Do you now have any health problem that requires you to use special equipment, such as a cane, a wheelchair, a special bed, or a special telephone?

10. Disability in Arkansans - Demographics About 25.8% Arkansas adults are disabled, which is approximately 668,350 people from the total adult population 11.62% - Male and 14.18% Female Age 50-59 with highest disability rate Higher rate of disability among people with lower education, lower household income and unemployment (partly due to higher proportion of elderly in these groups) Major impairment was back and neck problems ~ 19.5%

11. Disability- Demographic Characteristics Socio-Demographic CharacteristicsWith Disability (%)Without Disability (%) All Persons (Age  18) 25.874.2 Age 18-6421.178.9 65+45.954.1 Gender Male24.575.5 Female26.973.1 Education Less than H.S46.853.2 H.S Grad24.975.2 Some College22.677.4 College Grad16.983.1 Income < $15,00050.749.3 $15-24,999K31.069.0 $25-49,999K20.079.9 $50-74,999K14.485.6  $ 75,000K 12.787.3

12. Disability – General Health

13. Disability – Diabetes Out of 25.8% disabled respondents, 15.1% reported to have diabetes also.

14. Disability –Asthma Out of 25.8% disabled respondents, 17.4% reported to have asthma also.

15. Disability – Health Care Coverage Out of 25.8% disabled respondents, 15.2% reported to have no health care coverage.

16. Disability – Overweight and Obese Out of 25.8% disabled respondents, 36% reported to have BMI >= 25.

17. Disability – Tobacco Use (Smoking) Out of 25.8% people with disability 28.1% of people reported to be current smokers.

18. Disability – Social/Emotional Support 87% of people with Disability reported to receive social/emotional support.

19. Disability – Life Satisfaction Level MaleFemale With DisabilityVery/Satisfied21.9%23.8% Very/Dissatisfied2.4%3.1% Without DisabilityVery/Satisfied73.5%70.3% Very/Dissatisfied2.2%2.7%

20. Disability –Help needed for personal and routine care Disabled people needing help with their personal and routine care Total MaleFemale Need help with personal Care 10.46%4.09%6.38% Do not need help with personal care 89.54%40.87%48.67% Need help with routine care 27.74%9.09%18.63% Do not need help with routine care 72.26%35.78%36.5%

21. Disability – Quality of Life 1-14 Days 15-30 DaysNone Days Spent with feeling of pain 23.09%32.58%44.33% Days felt stressful 35.17%27.44%37.40% Days felt restless and sleepless 32.46%33.13%34.41% Days felt healthy and energetic 26.21%41.63%32.16%

22. Disability – Women’s Health Women who had a mammogram within last two years

23. Disability – Women’s Health Women who had a Pap smear within last three year

24. Disability in Arkansas Partners for Inclusive Communities – Disability program has been participating in data collection activities since 1998 For 2003 and 2004 Disability modules have been sponsored to obtain the data on disability of Arkansans We will continue to collect the information on Disability status

25. Questions asked in 2003 Q: 1 What is the farthest distance that you can walk by yourself, without any special equipment or help from others? 1. Not any distance 2. Across a small room 3. About the length of a typical house 4. About one or two city blocks 5. About one mile 6. More than one mile 7. DON'T KNOW/NOT SURE 9. REFUSED Q:2 Because of any impairment or health problem, do you need the help of other persons with your personal care needs, such as eating, bathing, dressing, or getting around the house? 1. YES 2. NO 7. DON'T KNOW/NOT SURE 9. REFUSED

26. Questions asked in 2003 Q: 3 Because of any impairment or health problem, do you need the help of other persons in handling your routine needs, such as everyday household chores, doing necessary business, shopping, or getting around for other purposes? 1. YES 2. NO 7. DON'T KNOW/NOT SURE 9. REFUSED Q: 4 In general, how satisfied are you with your life? 1. Very satisfied 2. Satisfied 3. Dissatisfied 4. Very dissatisfied 7. DON'T KNOW/NOT SURE 9. REFUSED