2. IN THE NAME OF GOD Motor Control and Neuromuscular Problems Elham Torkashvand MohammadReza Behradmehr Dr.Arshi Spring 2013 1 Behnam Kazempour

3. ability to regulate or direct the mechanisms essential to movement Definition Motor control Central nervous system musculoskeletal 2 ability to regulate or direct the mechanisms essential to movement Definition

4. The problem of motor control  Information processing  Coordination  Mechanics  Physics  cognition 3

5. Areas of study related to motor control  Motor coordination  Motor learning  Signal processing 4

6. Any disorder that compromises the synaptic transmission between a motor neuron and muscle cell is categorized under the umbrella term of neuromuscular diseases. 5

7. Causes  Circulatory problems  immunological and autoimmune disorders  The failure of the electrical insulation surrounding nerves myelin  Genetic/hereditary  The failure of the connections between the nerves and the muscle fiber  Certain rare tumors  Exposure to pernicious environmental chemicals  poisoning 6

8. Symptoms  Muscular weakness  Rigidity  Loss of muscular control  Twitching  Muscle pain 7

9. Diagnose  Clinical observations(atrophy or loss of muscle volume)  testing the levels of various chemicals and antigens in the blood  Electromyography  Diagnostic imaging 8

10. Classification of motor unit disorders 9

11. 10

12. 11 Symptom

13. Rehabilitation  Speech /occupational/physical therapy as rehabilitation method 12

14. Treatment in the current paradigm  They are struggling to maintain independence  Their families are strained due to roles as caregivers 13

15. Primary Assessment Areas:  Activities of Daily Living (ADL)  Upper limb strength and range of motion  Coordination  Vision  Writing 14

16. Secondary Assessment Areas:  Fatigue  Sleep  Cognition  Depression  Quality of Life 15

17. Challenges in Self Care  ADLs take increased time  On and off times affect performance  Safety is compromised  Decreased desire or motivation to complete ADLs 16

18. Treatment:feeding  Weighted and built up utensils  Scoop plates  Rocker knives  Adaptive strategies 17

19. Treatment: Grooming  Electric toothbrush or razor  Wash mitt or soap on a rope  Adaptive strategies 18

20. Treatment Ideas:Computer work  Adapted keyboards and mouse  Hands free software  One handed typing  Seating and positioning 19

21. treatment:walking  Straight cane  Rolling walker  Treadmill training  Improvements in gait speed,step leng and balance  Safety harness 20

22. 21

23. conclusion  Simplify treatment  Maximum change with minimal cognitive effort  Repetitive activities  Focus on increasing functional communication 22

24. 23 Orthopedic Rehablitiation,Assessment,and Enablement John Leong and Jesse Jupiter Refrences

25. 24 Thanks for attention