1. Welcome St John Ambulance Young Life Saver Award First Aid SESSION TWO

2. Connector… With the person beside you state the following – What does DRAB stand for? What does AVPU stand for? How long do you check breathing? What type of patient do you put in the recovery position? What would you say when you call an ambulance?

3. Aims  What is CPR?  When should you use CPR?  How to carry out effective CPR.  How to breath effectively for a patient.

4. Facts about CPR CPR stands for cardiopulmonary resuscitation. CPR was invented in 1960. CPR doubles a person’s chance of survival from cardiac arrest. 75% of all cardiac arrests happen in peoples’ homes.

5. Life situation……….. ……..you are at home with your mum and suddenly without warning she collapses to the floor. You scream out ‘mum’, but there’s no response. Her face turns pale and bluish, and you can’t see her chest rise or fall to breathe. You quickly grab the telephone and dial 999…………

6. What would you do… With the person beside you comment on the following- How would you feel? What would you do? How would you stay calm?

7. CPR Cardiopulmonary arrest simply means that your heart (cardio) and lungs (pulmonary) aren’t working.

8. Causes of cardiac arrest…… These include:,  Stroke  Heart Attack  Blood Loss  Choking  Electric shock

9. The goals of CPR Keep blood flowing throughout the body. Keep air flowing in and out of the lungs.

10. When to use CPR? CPR should only be carried out when a patient is not breathing.

11. Primary Survey Check for danger Check for Response – AVPU Shout for HELP Open the airway Check for breathing (10 secs) ? Go for help or send for help.

12. Step 1  Kneel beside patient.

13. Step 2  Place heel of your other hand on the middle of the persons chest.  This is the point at which pressure will be applied.

14. Step 3  Place the heel of first hand on top of other hand and interlock fingers.

15. Correct Hand Position INTERLOCK FINGERS

16. Step 4  Lean well over casualty.  Keep arms straight and elbows locked.  Press down vertically on breastbone 4–5cms (1.5–2ins).

17. Step 5  Compress the chest 30 times at a rate of 100 compressions per minute.  The taken time to compress and release should be about the same.

18. Personal Protection Breathing by the mouth to mouth, or, mouth to nose, methods carries little or no risk of the transfer of infection and you should never hesitate to give it in an emergency. No cases of AIDS have been reported as a result of carrying out rescue breathing. For hygienic purposes, and if you have been trained to do so, you may wish to use a face shield. If you have performed resuscitation and you are still concerned at the possibility of having been infected, seek the advice of your family doctor. www.resus.org.uk/pages/citizen.htm#rescue

19. Protection Aids Face Shield Pocket Mask

20. Step 1  Make sure that the patient’s airway is still open.  Place hand on forehead and two fingers of the other hand under the tip of the chin.

21. Step 2  Move the hand that was on the forehead down to the nose.  Pinch the soft part of the nose with the finger and thumb.  Open the patient’s mouth.

22. Step 3  Take a deep breath to fill your lungs with air and place your lips around the patient’s mouth, making sure you have a good seal.

23. Step 4  Blow steadily into the patient’s mouth until the chest rises. This usually takes about 2 seconds.

24. Step 5  Maintaining head tilt and chin lift, take your mouth off the patient’s mouth and see if their chest falls.  If the chest rises visibly as you blow and falls fully when you lift your mouth away, you have given an effective breath.

25. It’s not working? If you cannot achieve effective breaths,  Recheck the head tilt chin lift.  Recheck the casualty’s mouth. Remove any obvious obstructions, but do not do a finger sweep of the mouth.  Make no more than five attempts to achieve two effective breaths.

26. Mouth-to-nose breaths  Used when a patient has been rescued from water or where injuries to the mouth makes it impossible to achieve a good seal.  Close patients mouth and form a tight seal around the patients nose and blow.  Allow mouth to fall open to let the air escape.

27. Mouth-to-Nose

28. Mouth-to-stoma breaths  A stoma is an opening in the front of the neck which patients breath through rather than the mouth and nose.  Close the patients mouth and nose with your thumb and fingers and then breathe into the stoma.

29. Mouth-to-Stoma

30. CPR CYCLE Once you have given 2 breaths go back and continue with 30 chest compressions.

31. When to stop CPR?  When emergency help arrives.  Someone else takes over.  The casualty starts to breath.  You become exhausted and cannot carry on.

32. Chain to Survival…

33. Review… What does DRAB stand for? What does AVPU stand for? When do you carry out CPR? What type of patient do you put in the recovery position? What do you say when you call ambulance? Explain the chain of survival?