Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
Published byMaximilian Hardway Modified over 9 years ago
1
Greek History n Complex and sophisticated n motto: all things in moderation n they did nothing in moderation
2
Ancient Greece n importance to Western culture n fundamental ideas and categories n Individualism and Humanism n the rise of Reason –decline of superstition/religion
3
Important Precursors n Minoan Crete n Mycenaean Greece
4
The eastern Mediterranean area
5
Minoan Crete n ca. 2900 B.C. to 1450 B.C. –contemporary with Egypt n major, non-river valley culture n highly sophisticated n literate –Linear A and Linear B
9
Minoan Crete, con’t n surplus agriculture n industry n over-seas commercial trade
10
Minoan Culture n elaborate towns and villages n complex religious ideas n sophisticated art n sports and leisure n high status for women
11
an artist’s rendering of the main building of the Palace of Minos at Knossos
12
Another idea of Knossos
13
North entrance of the Palace of Knossos Iraklion Museum, Crete
14
Decorated storage jars Knossos
15
Storage cellars palace of Knossos
16
Palace of Knossos Room of the Double Axes
17
Palace of Knossos: the Throne Room of Minos
18
Palace, north entrance: the famous Bull fresco
19
Great Propylaea at the south entrance of the palace
20
A fresco with partridges from the Caravan seraglio of Knossos.
21
From the Palace of Knossos: The famous "bull leaping" fresco from the East wing of the palace
22
The Throne of King Minos
23
The Queen’s rooms, with blue dolphins
24
Rython bull’s head from Knossos
25
Poppy Goddess
26
Snake “goddess” -goddess? -priestess? -worshipper?
27
The Blue Ladies
28
Minoan Priestess
29
Religious procession
30
Labrys “double axe” Labyrinth = “the House of the Double Axe”
33
Temple entrance to a cave shrine
34
Minoan Culture, con’t n unwalled cities n no foreign invasions n few weapons n no civil conflict
35
Interpretation? n King Minos? n utopia? n matriarchy? n thalassocracy?
36
Contributions to Greeks n linguistic n olives, grapes, figs n place names n overseas movement
37
Mycenaeans n Bonze Age Greeks n 2000-1100 B.C. n small, warrior states n war, trade, piracy n literate (Linear B)
38
Mycenaeans, con’t n the Heroic Age n the Age of Myth n the development of Greek Religion n beginnings of a common culture
39
Mycenae, ca.1450 B.C.
40
The great megaron at Mycenae
41
The death mask of “King Agamemnon” Mycenae
42
The Dark Ages n the Dorian Invasion ? n loss of literacy n loss of political sophistication
43
The Archaic Period n ca. 850 B.C. n beginning of classical Greek history n foundations of Western culture
45
The Polis n the city-state n city and dependent territory n independence of each city n warfare and rivalry
46
The Ethnos n Greek tribal structures n villages n common cult centers n fringes of the Greek world
47
Rise of Literacy n the alphabet n Homer –the Iliad, the Odyssey n Hesiod –Works and Days, the Theogony n Lyric poetry –Sappho
48
Age of Colonization n ca. 750-650 B.C. n Spain to Russia n spread of Greek culture n contact with foreign peoples
49
Greek cities and colonies, 750-650 B.C.
50
Varieties of Constitutions n Plato, Aristotle, Polybius n based on observation of types in Greece n thought of organically –three Good types, three Bad types –the anacyclosis
51
The Good Ones n monarchy (rule by one) n aristocracy (rule by the best) n constitutional government (rule by a body of law)
52
The Bad Ones n tyranny (extra-legal rule by one man) n oligarchy (rule by a faction) n democracy (rule by the people, without law)
53
Other forms n you name it n socialism, communism, utopianism n egalitarian between genders n etc.
54
Athens and Sparta n most available evidence n both are exceptions to the norm n both dominate the Greek world
55
Sparta n no colonization, conquest of neighbors n the constitution of Lycurgus n a perpetual military state n all citizens are subordinated to the state n no private property
57
Rise of Tyrants n many states moved from monarchy to tyranny n rise of disenfranchised classes ? n rise of a new military form –the Hoplite soldier
58
Athens n evolution from monarchy to democracy n aristocracy, with elected rulers n Cylon and Draco n Solon: reform and timocracy n Peisistratus: a tyranny n Cleisthenes: the rise of democracy
60
Cylon n attempted tyranny n faction struggle n blood-feuds n need for written law
61
Draco n first to write and post the laws n the homicide courts n did not solve social problems n threat of violent revolution n redistribute the land, cancel all debts
62
Enter Solon n chosen by all to avoid revolution n new constitution n beginnings of democracy n opened political offices n created protections for the people
63
Solon of Athens
64
Peisistratus n three attempts a tyranny n the Golden Age of Athens n used his own wealth n not a modern “tyrant”
65
Cleisthenes n defeated in “faction fighting” n became a “democrat” n reorganization of all citizens n breakdown of hereditary kinship groups n democracy
66
Persian Empire
67
The Persian Wars, 490-479 B.C. n Ionian Revolt n invasion of Greece n Marathon n Thermopylae, Salamis, Plataea n the defining moment for Western culture
68
Themistocles
69
Leonidas
70
Hoplite phalanx: classical Greece
80
The Rise of Athens n war of liberation and revenge against Persia n The Delian League n transformation into the Athenian Empire –burden of fighting: Athens –burden of cost: the Allies n the Periclean Age
81
Pericles of Athens
85
The Peloponnesian War n Sparta and her Allies n Athens and her Allies n devastated Classical Greece n devastated both Sparta and Athens
86
Athens and Sparta: the Peloponnesian War
87
Thucydides
88
The Fourth Century n power vacuums, struggle for hegemony n Thebes n Federal leagues n military monarchies –Thessaly –Macedonia
89
The Rise of Macedonia n Philip of Macedon n Alexander the Great –the turning point of both Ancient and World history –no Alexander, then it’s a very different world
90
Alexander the Great
91
Conquests of Alexander n the Persian Empire, plus a little extra n rapid spread of Hellenism n the Successor Kingdoms –establishment of a permanent link –The West to China –never closed
92
Empire of Alexander the Great
93
Successor Kingdoms
94
Greek Culture and Civilization n foundations of Western thought n asked the important questions for the first time n gave the answers--that made sense--for the first time
95
Aeschylus
96
Greek Religion n Homer n Hesiod n polytheistic n civic n tolerant
97
Greek Religion, con’t n fully humanized gods n deorum pax n not concerned with morality n no regular priests or clergy n no “church and state”
98
Greek Religion, con’t n civic cults n private cults n mystery cults n oracles n atheists
99
Philosophy n some people were not satisfied by “religion” –but were not inclined to turn to non-civic cults n answers the “Big Questions” n deals with areas not covered by religion
100
Philosophy n love of wisdom n search for causes n search for why things happen n application of reason and demonstration
101
The Pre-Socratics: Natural Sciences n Thales: founder of philosophy n Xenophanes: the One n Empedocles: transmigration of souls n Heraclitus: the dialectic n Leucippus and Democritus: biological evolution and atomic theory n and so forth…..
102
The Sophists n Man is the measure of all things. n interest in human activities
103
Socrates n the turning point n movement toward ethics, metaphysics, etc. n away from natural sciences n “What is necessary to live the virtuous life?” n Goodness innate in the human mind
104
Socrates “The unexamined life is not worth living.”
105
Plato n taught in the dialogue form n concerned with how one acquires knowledge n chief concern: ethics n important for early Christian theology
106
Plato
107
Aristotle n primary concern: everything n organization of human knowledge n division of learn into fields and subfields n important for medieval Christianity
108
Aristotle
109
Stoics n concern with ethics, logic, and physics n cyclic universe n important for early Christianity
110
Other Important Schools n Cynics n Skeptics n Epicureans
111
Books for you to read n Barry Strauss. The Trojan War n Paul Cartledge. Thermopylae n E. Bradford. Thermopylae: The Battle for the West n A.R. Burns. Persia and the Greeks n D. Kagan. The Peloponnesian War n N.G. L. Hammond. A History of Greece n R. Sealy. The Greek Polis n Leonard Cottrell. The Bull of Minos
112
More Books n E. Gruen. The Hellenistic World n E. Gruen. The Hellenistic World and the Coming of Rome n W.W. Tarn. The Hellenistic World n W.W. Tarn. Alexander the Great n Ulrich Wilken. Alexander the Great n N.G.L. Hammond. Alexander of Macedon n Mark Munn. The School of Hellas
113
And More books n V. Ehrenberg. From Solon to Socrates n Christian Meier. Athens n J. Morris and B.B. Powell. The Greeks n O. Murray. Early Greece n J.K. Davies. Democracy and Classical Greece n W.F. Walbank. The Hellenistic World n R. Osbourne. The Making of Greece n A.H.M. Jones. Sparta
Similar presentations
© 2024 SlidePlayer.com. Inc.
All rights reserved.