2. Noble dame, 1959 © Succession Picasso / VG Bild-Kunst, Bonn 2001 Sibylla von Cleve als Braut, Lukas Cranach d. Ä. (1472-1553) Visualization is important!

3. Analyze this ! Numerical modeling without visualization Unsensored ! Typical numerical model !

4. Numerical modeling with visualization Temperature Bulk Strain Viscosity

6. дP/дx = (P 2 -P 1 )/  x P 1 P 2 xx Finite differences T Combination of finite-differences, on staggered grid, and the moving marker technique Method of numerical solution original code I2VIS (Gerya & Yuen, 2003, PEPI) Marker technique Staggered grid

8. Geology in multiple-scale

9. Massonne et al., (1999) Regional scale

10. Local scale

11. Diamond bearing inclusions in garnet (after Stöckhert et al., 2001) Microscopic scale

12. After Massonne et al. (1999), Stöckhert et al. (2001) P-T path

13. Krohe (1996) Franke (1989) Plate scale Global scale

14. Zulauf (1997) Subduction Subduction+Collision Collision Delamination+detachment+underplating Regional scale

15. Numerical model in multiple-scale

16. Zoom-In: numerical “microscope” 400 km 80 601 nodes 50 million markers 200 km air gabbro basalt sediments serpentinite 40 km 20 km

17. 5 6 km 4 km Zoom-In: numerical “microscope” 1 billion markers model

18. Multiple-scale visualization 400 o C 800 o C 1200 o C 200 o C 400 o C 600 o C 800 o C 1000 o C 1200 o C 15.7 Myr 890 x 470 km 370 x 200km PowerPoint-based

19. Numerical model: 1600 x 600 km High resolution region: 370 x 200km 400 o C 800 o C 1200 o C 200 o C 400 o C 600 o C 800 o C 1000 o C 1400 o C Lithosphere Asthenosphere 1600 o C Slab push Slab pull 1400 o C Continental crust Oceanic crust Sediments Rock samples Numerical model (full convection solution) 12 141 nodes 428 400 markers Hot mantle upwelling Hot mantle upwelling Lithosphere Asthenosphere Continental crust Oceanic crust Subducting slab Overriding plate

20. 0 Myr 890 x 470 km 370 x 200km 400 o C 800 o C 1200 o C 200 o C 400 o C 600 o C 800 o C 1000 o C Initial configuration

21. 3.1 Myr 400 o C 800 o C 1200 o C 200 o C 400 o C 600 o C 800 o C 1000 o C Subduction under the continental margin

22. 7.7 Myr 400 o C 800 o C 1200 o C 200 o C 400 o C 600 o C 800 o C 1000 o C Subduction under the continental margin

23. 11.3 Myr 400 o C 800 o C 1200 o C 200 o C 400 o C 600 o C 800 o C 1000 o C Subduction under the continental margin

24. 15.0 Myr 400 o C 800 o C 1200 o C 200 o C 400 o C 600 o C 800 o C 1000 o C Subduction under the continental margin

25. 18.9 Myr 400 o C 800 o C 1200 o C 200 o C 400 o C 600 o C 800 o C 1000 o C Subduction under the continental margin

26. 22.7 Myr 400 o C 800 o C 1200 o C 200 o C 400 o C 600 o C 800 o C 1000 o C Subduction under the continental margin

27. 25.3 Myr 400 o C 800 o C 1200 o C 200 o C 400 o C 600 o C 800 o C 1000 o C Transition to collision

28. 26.2 Myr 400 o C 800 o C 1200 o C 200 o C 400 o C 600 o C 800 o C 1000 o C Transition to collision

29. 27.0 Myr 400 o C 800 o C 1200 o C 200 o C 400 o C 600 o C 800 o C 1000 o C Collision

30. 27.7 Myr 400 o C 800 o C 200 o C 400 o C 600 o C 800 o C 1000 o C Collision ~160 km (bottom of the lithosphere) 1200 o C ~160 km

31. 28.3 Myr 400 o C 800 o C 1200 o C 200 o C 400 o C 600 o C 800 o C 1000 o C Collision, Delamination Slab delamination

32. 28.9 Myr 400 o C 800 o C 1200 o C 200 o C 400 o C 600 o C 800 o C 1000 o C Collision, Delamination, Necking Slab delamination Slab necking

33. 29.4 Myr 400 o C 800 o C 1200 o C 200 o C 400 o C 600 o C 800 o C 1000 o C Collision, Necking Slab necking

34. 29.8 Myr 400 o C 800 o C 1200 o C 200 o C 400 o C 600 o C 800 o C 1000 o C Extension, Detachment, Underplating Mantle underplating

35. 30.3 Myr 400 o C 800 o C 1200 o C 200 o C 400 o C 600 o C 800 o C 1000 o C Extension, Detachment, Underplating Mantle underplating

36. 30.7 Myr 400 o C 800 o C 1200 o C 200 o C 400 o C 600 o C 800 o C 1000 o C Extension, Detachment, Underplating Mantle underplating

37. 30.9 Myr 400 o C 800 o C 1200 o C 200 o C 400 o C 600 o C 800 o C 1000 o C Extension, Detachment, Underplating

38. 31.2 Myr 400 o C 800 o C 1200 o C 200 o C 400 o C 600 o C 800 o C 1000 o C Extension, Detachment, Underplating

39. 31.5 Myr 400 o C 800 o C 1200 o C 200 o C 400 o C 600 o C 800 o C 1000 o C Extension, Detachment, Underplating

40. 31.8 Myr 400 o C 800 o C 1200 o C 200 o C 400 o C 600 o C 800 o C 1000 o C Extension, Detachment, Underplating, Domal structures Domal structure growth

41. 32.1 Myr 400 o C 800 o C 1200 o C 200 o C 400 o C 600 o C 800 o C 1000 o C Extension, Detachment, Underplating, Domal structures Domal structures growth

42. 32.4 Myr 400 o C 800 o C 1200 o C 200 o C 400 o C 600 o C 800 o C 1000 o C Extension, Detachment, Underplating, Domal structures Domal structures growth

43. 32.6 Myr 400 o C 800 o C 1200 o C 200 o C 400 o C 600 o C 800 o C 1000 o C Extension, Detachment, Underplating, Domal structures Domal structures growth

44. 32.9 Myr 400 o C 800 o C 1200 o C 200 o C 400 o C 600 o C 800 o C 1000 o C Extension, Detachment, Underplating, Domal structures Domal structures growth

45. 33.3 Myr 400 o C 800 o C 1200 o C 200 o C 400 o C 600 o C 800 o C 1000 o C Extension, Detachment, Underplating, Domal structures Domal structures growth

46. 33.6 Myr 400 o C 800 o C 1200 o C 200 o C 400 o C 600 o C 800 o C 1000 o C Domal structures growth The End

47. 40 km Subducting plate Accretion wedge Subduction channel Overriding plate Mantle wedge Bulk strain structure 80 601 nodes 2 000 000 markers 400x200 km Amira-based

48. WEB-IS-based Rudolph et al. (2004)

50. 3D-Visualization

51. MatLab-based  kg/m3 Rock types + isotherms Temperature Mantle density