1. EDT 300 - Foundation Plan Design1 Weekend Cabin Retreat Project Foundations Sacramento City College EDT 300

2. 2EDT 300 - Foundation Plan Design Objectives u Identify the primary features included in a foundation plan. u Discuss the difference between a foundation plan and a basement plan. u Design and draw a foundation plan for a typical residential structure.

3. 3EDT 300 - Foundation Plan Design The Foundation Plan u The foundation plan is a plan view drawing in section showing the location and size of: u footings u piers u columns u foundation walls u supporting beams. u It is usually drawn after the floor plan and elevations have been roughed out.

4. 4EDT 300 - Foundation Plan Design The Foundation Plan u A foundation plan ordinarily includes the following. u Footings for foundation walls, piers, and columns (hidden lines) u Foundation walls. u Piers and columns. u Dwarf walls (low walls built to retain an excavation or embankment). u Partial walls, doors, and bath fixtures if the house has a basement.

5. 5EDT 300 - Foundation Plan Design Foundation Walls u Foundation walls are of four basic types: u T-foundation u slab foundation u pier or post foundation u permanent wood foundation

6. 6EDT 300 - Foundation Plan Design Foundation Types

7. 7EDT 300 - Foundation Plan Design Foundation Types

8. 8EDT 300 - Foundation Plan Design Foundation Walls u The type chosen for a particular situation will depend upon u the weight to be supported u load bearing capacity of the soil u location of the foundation in the building u climate u local codes u preferred building practice. u All should be considered when designing a foundation.

9. 9EDT 300 - Foundation Plan Design T-Foundations u Most common foundation type u Looks like an inverted T. u The foundation and footing are usually two separate parts but may be cast as a single unit.

10. 10EDT 300 - Foundation Plan Design Slab Foundations u slab floor. u It is placed at the same time the floor is cast and is not a separate unit. u It is sometimes called a thickened edge slab.

11. 11EDT 300 - Foundation Plan Design Slab Foundations u The foundation wall should extend down below the frost line, as in the case of the T-foundation. u Use of steel reinforcing bars or mesh is recommended for the slab foundation to prevent cracking due to settling.

12. 12EDT 300 - Foundation Plan Design Slab Foundations u Some of the primary advantages of the slab foundation u requires less time, expense, and labor to construct. u no separate footing is required, excavation is not as extensive as for the T-foundation. u Less time is required since the entire foundation and floor is placed in one operation.

13. EDT 300 - Foundation Plan Design13 Pier and Post Foundations

14. 14EDT 300 - Foundation Plan Design Pier and Post Foundations u Some of the primary advantages of the slab foundation u requires less time, expense, and labor to construct. u no separate footing is required, excavation is not as extensive as for the T-foundation. u Less time is required since the entire foundation and floor is placed in one operation.

15. 15EDT 300 - Foundation Plan Design Pier and Post Foundations u Many situations in residential construction lend themselves to the use of piers, columns and posts. u Cheaper and just as satisfactory to use piers rather than the T- foundation under parts of the building. u Example: a crawl space is planned and the distance is too great for a single span, the pier foundation is a logical choice,

16. 16EDT 300 - Foundation Plan Design

17. 17EDT 300 - Foundation Plan Design Pier and Post Foundations

18. 18EDT 300 - Foundation Plan Design Pier and Post Foundations

19. 19EDT 300 - Foundation Plan Design Drawing A Foundation Plan u 1. Select the scale. u Residential structures are usually drawn to 1/4" = 1 '-0" scale.

20. 20EDT 300 - Foundation Plan Design Drawing A Foundation Plan u 2. Locate the outline of the foundation walls on the paper allowing ample space for dimensions, notes, and title block. u Use the floor plan as an underlay or draw the foundation plan from dimensions obtained from the floor plan.

21. 21EDT 300 - Foundation Plan Design

22. 22EDT 300 - Foundation Plan Design

23. 23EDT 300 - Foundation Plan Design Drawing A Foundation Plan u 3. Draw the foundation walls, piers and columns, and the foundation for a chimney (fireplace).

24. 24EDT 300 - Foundation Plan Design Footing Shapes u Footings increase the supporting capacity of the foundation wall by spreading the load over a larger area.

25. 25EDT 300 - Foundation Plan Design

26. 26EDT 300 - Foundation Plan Design Footing Shapes u Foundation walls should be centered along the footing. u The footing will project beyond each side of the foundation wall a distance equal to one-half the thickness of the foundation wall. u If the soil load bearing capacity is very poor, the size of footings should be increased and reinforced with steel.

27. 27EDT 300 - Foundation Plan Design Footing Shapes u The footings must be large enough to minimize the effects of: u settlement of the structure. u unequal compressibility of the soil. u to reduce cracking. u The weight of most homes is greater on two of the four walls which causes unequal loading.

28. 28EDT 300 - Foundation Plan Design

29. 29EDT 300 - Foundation Plan Design Drawing A Foundation Plan u 4. Indicate breaks in the foundation wall for windows, doors, access holes, and vents. u 5. Lay out and draw the footings for the foundation walls. u Use a hidden line symbol to show the edge of the footing.

30. 30EDT 300 - Foundation Plan Design Drawing A Foundation Plan u 6. Draw the footings to be used for the piers and columns. u 7. Draw the footings for the fireplace and chimney. u 8. Locate the supporting beam if one is required. Draw the beam using a thick center line symbol.

31. 31EDT 300 - Foundation Plan Design Drawing A Foundation Plan u 9. Show the size, spacing, and direction of floor joists or trusses using the standard symbol.

32. 32EDT 300 - Foundation Plan Design Drawing A Foundation Plan u 10. Identify the location of sections needed to provide additional information. u 11. Draw the necessary sections and dimension them as shown in Fig. 10-7.

33. 33EDT 300 - Foundation Plan Design Drawing A Foundation Plan u 12. Determine the location of dimensions needed to show the size of all aspects of the foundation. u The length and thickness of all foundation wall segments must be dimensioned. u Piers are dimensioned to the center rather than to the edge. u 13. Draw the dimension lines and add the required dimensions.

34. 34EDT 300 - Foundation Plan Design Drawing A Foundation Plan u 14. Letter any necessary notes. u 15. Shade the foundation wall drawings with proper symbols.

35. 35EDT 300 - Foundation Plan Design Drawing A Foundation Plan u 16. Add the title block, scale, and name of drawing in the proper location. u 17. Check drawing to be sure you have included all necessary information.

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37. 37EDT 300 - Foundation Plan Design

38. 38EDT 300 - Foundation Plan Design

39. 39EDT 300 - Foundation Plan Design

40. 40EDT 300 - Foundation Plan Design

41. 41EDT 300 - Foundation Plan Design

42. 42EDT 300 - Foundation Plan Design

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45. 45EDT 300 - Foundation Plan Design

46. 46EDT 300 - Foundation Plan Design

47. 47EDT 300 - Foundation Plan Design

48. 48EDT 300 - Foundation Plan Design

49. 49EDT 300 - Foundation Plan Design

50. 50EDT 300 - Foundation Plan Design

51. 51EDT 300 - Foundation Plan Design