1. 1 Sikandar Iqbal Graduate Trainee Engineer Civil Engineering Township Comparison & Analysis of Township Buildings

2. 2 Contents: Structural Components of a Building Frame Structure Buildings vs Load Bearing Buildings Planning, Measurement, Analysis & Design Softwares for Buildings Recommendations

3. Structural Components of a Building 3 Structural Components Foundation Plinth Beam Column Beam Slab Brick walls

4. Structural Components of a Building 4 1.Foundation Structural element that is used to transfer the structural loads to the soil. Footing is the bottom most part of the foundation.

5. Structural Components of a Building 5 Types of Footing: i.Isolated or spread footing (B&C Type Houses)

6. Structural Components of a Building 6 ii. Combined Footing (B&C Type Houses)

7. Structural Components of a Building 7 iii. Wall or Strip Footing ( Mosque building)

8. Structural Components of a Building 8 iv. Stepped Wall Footing (D,E,F,G Type Houses)

9. Structural Components of a building 9 2. Plinth beam Structure that can transfer loads to the adjacent columns.

10. Structural Components of a Building 10 Plinth beam of B & C Type Buildings

11. Structural Components of a Building 11 3.Column Structural member that is subjected to axial compressive loads as the main force.

12. Structural Components of a Building 12 4. Beam Structural element that is capable of withstanding load primarily by resisting bending. 5. Slab Structural element which transmits the loads acting on it to beams, columns or walls.

13. Structural Components of a Building 13 6. Brick walls: i.Load bearing walls Walls that carry the loads. ii.Non-Load Bearing Walls Walls that do not carry the loads.

14. Brick Walls 14 iii. Cavity Walls Walls that have empty space between two layers of brick walls.

15. Frame Structure Buildings 15

16. B & C Type ( Frame Structure Buildings) 16 Beam Column

17. Load bearing Structure Buildings 17

18. E – MOD Load Bearing Type Buildings 18 Slab

19. Comparison of Frame structure vs Load Bearing Structure 19 Frame StructureLoad Bearing Structure 1. Isolated/combined/Raft Footing1. Stepped/Strip Footing 2.Main structural elements columns & beams 2. Main structural elements Brick Walls 3. Steel continuity is the major binding force 3. Cement mortar between bricks is the major binding force 4. Load transfer mechanism is: Slab  Beam  column  footing  soil 4. Load Transfer mechanism is: Slab  beams (not necessary)  brick walls  footing  soil 5. For Multi storey buildings it is preferred to avoid abnormally thick walls due to more compressive strength of concrete than bricks. 5. For Multi storey buildings It is not preferred to avoid abnormally thick walls due to less compressive strength of bricks than concrete.

20. Comparison of Frame structure vs Load Bearing Structure 20 Frame StructureLoad Bearing Structure 6. Due to lesser thickness of walls, it has more floor area. 6. Due to more thickness of walls especially for a multi storey building, it has lesser floor area. 7. Better Inside planning of rooms, and ease in later modifications 7. Less flexibility in planning and later modification in structures. 8. More effective resistance against vibrations, earthquakes and shocks. 8.Lesser effective resistance against vibrations, earthquakes and shocks. 9. More open internal spaces, clad in glass or large windows can be provided. 9. Lesser open spaces and smaller window to wall ratio. 10. Speed of construction is relatively more. 10. Speed of construction is relatively less. cost comparison of frame structure vs load bearing.xlsx

21. Planning, Measurement, Analysis & Design Softwares 21 Architectural Designing REVIT Quantity Takeoff Structural Designing ETABS SAFE STAAD PRO Project Management PRIMAVERA Project Planner

22. Architectural Designing 22 REVIT Plans, Elevations, Sections & 3D views Quantity Takeoff Bill of Quantities (BOQ) Export

23. 1. REVIT ( Pavilion Design) 23

24. 1.REVIT ( Pavilion Design) 24

25. 2.Quantity Take Off 25

26. 2.Quantity Take Off 26

27. Structural Designing 27 Concrete Structures ETABS SAFE Steel Structures STAAD PRO Beam & Column Slab & Footing

28. 1.ETABS (B Type Car Porch Frame Design) 28

29. 2. SAFE ( B Type Car Porch Slab Design) 29

30. 2.SAFE ( B Type Car Porch Slab Design) 30

31. 3.Staad.Pro ( NA plant parking shed design of dimensions 18*15*10 m) 31

32. 3.Staad.Pro ( NA plant parking shed design of dimensions 18*15*10 m) 32

33. Project Management 33 Primavera Project Planner Applied Extensively on Construction of Mosque Project

34. Mosque (Phase 1) 34

35. Primavera’s detail plan of Mosque (Phase 1) 35

36. Mosque (Phase 2) 36

37. Primavera’s detail plan of Mosque (Phase 2) 37

38. Recommendations 38 Type of structure selected based on the requirement. In-house capability of analysis & design to save time and cost. Proper time for planning and design study for any Project.

39. 39 THANK YOU All for your Time and Listening. Q & A Session

40. B Type Car Porch (Previous Design) 40