1. Ancient Egypt & Kush (Nubia)

2. Archaic Period Menes (Narmer) united upper and lower Egypt
Egypt’s first Pharaoh
“Great House”
started Egypt’s first Dynasty
Menes (Narmer)
united Egypt; first king
capital was at Memphis
most historians give his predecessor, Narmer, and not Menes, credit for unification
Pharaoh
“Great House”; Egyptian ruler
Dynasty
series of rulers from the same family

3. The Old Kingdom
2686 – 2181 BC

4. Pyramid Builders Pyramids Engineering tombs; Old Kingdom
the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes … uh … what?
ex. using a 43.5° angle for the pyramids to avoid collapse

5. Pyramid Builders Imhotep Djoser Snefru Khufu (Cheops) master architect
Step Pyramid
Snefru
Red Pyramid (true pyramid)
Khufu (Cheops)
Great Pyramid of Giza
Imhotep
master architect; proclaimed to be a god
Snefru
commissioned Red Pyramid (first true pyramid)
Khufu (Cheops)
son of Snefru; commissioned Great Pyramid of Giza

6. Mummification Afterlife Mummies Ka
life after death; focus of Egyptian Religion
Mummies
help the “ka” find it’s body Ka
life spirit

7. Mummification Sarcophagus Canopic Jars bone box; decorated coffin
held internal organs of mummy

8. Gods and Goddesses Re (Rah or Amen-Re) Anubis sun god
god of the dead and mummification; jackal headed

9. Gods and Goddesses Osiris Isis Horus god of the underworld
goddess of magic
Horus
sky god; god of the pharaohs

10. The Middle Kingdom
1991 – 1786 BC

11. Middle Kingdom “Renaissance” “rebirth” of Egypt
classical period of art and literature
Egypt conquers Kush and gains wealth

12. Middle Kingdom Hyksos Ahmose invaders from Southwest Asia
chariots and high-powered bows
Ahmose
defeated the Hyksos
started the New Kingdom

13. The New Kingdom
1567 – 1085 BC

14. New Kingdom Queen Hatshepsut Thutmose III (Tutmosis)
mother of Thutmose III
ran things; expaned trade
wore a beard !!!
Thutmose III (Tutmosis)
killed his mom ???
great conqueror

15. New Kingdom Akhenaton (Amenhotep IV) Tutankhamen (Tutankhaton)
monotheism; worshipped Aton “the sun disc”
Tutankhamen (Tutankhaton)
restored old religion
buried in the Valley of the Kings
tomb found in 1922 by Howard Carter

16. New Kingdom Ramses the Great ruled for 67 years, 100 children
great builder of temples
defeated the Sea People

17. Egyptian Life and Culture
Agriculture
80% of Egyptians were poor farmers

18. Writing Hieroglyphics
Egyptian writing system, one of the world’s first, used symbols

19. Writing Papyrus Rosetta Stone
long-lasting, paper-like substance made from reeds
Rosetta Stone
a stone slab discovered in 1799 that was inscribed with hieroglyphics and their Greek meanings; best archaeological source for translation of glyphs

20. Architecture
Pyramids
Old Kingdom tombs
Egypt’s most recognized symbol

21. Architecture
Temples
Dedicated to gods and pharaohs

22. Architecture Sphinx Obelisk head of a person and the body of a lion
largest single-stone statue ever
Obelisk
a tall, four-sided pillar that is pointed on top
like the Washington monument

23. Art
Tomb Paintings
Murals

24. Art
Carvings
“reliefs”

25. Art
Jewelry & Decorations

26. Nubian / Kushite Period
Nubians (Kushites)
Nubia conquered Egypt, then Egypt conquered Nubia
known for their gold and jewelry
Trade Network
system of people in different lands who trade goods back and forth
Exports
goods sent for sale in other countries or regions
Imports
goods brought in from other countries or regions

27. Greek (Ptolemaic) Period
Alexander the Great
conquered Egypt and becomes pharaoh; built the Lighthouse at Pharos and the Library of Alexandria
Ptolemy
one of Alexander’s generals, he was put in charge of Egypt as Alexander moved on to other conquests

28. Roman Conquest Cleopatra Greek; descended from Ptolemy
committed suicide rather than be taken prisoner by Roman general Octavian (later known as Augustus Caesar)
she was Egypt’s last pharaoh and Egypt became Roman province