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Arthropod Diversity and Cover Crops By Jeffrey Taylor August 11,2003 Pennsylvania State University
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Arrival of the Study Land owner Steve Groff is interested to see what the benefits of long-term cover cropping are Land owner Steve Groff is interested to see what the benefits of long-term cover cropping are
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Hypothesis Fields with the least disturbance and a cover crop would have the greatest diversity and abundance of arthropods Fields with the least disturbance and a cover crop would have the greatest diversity and abundance of arthropods
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Study Area Most Disturbed -Long term no-till ~20 years Least Disturbed -Pasture and then 7 years in no-till www.countryside-management.org.uk/ heathland/grazing.htm www.oznet.ksu.edu/notill/ images/nf_corninmay2.jpg
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Study Area Sixteen plots Sixteen plots –4 Long term no-till with a cover crop –4 Long term no-till without a cover crop –4 Short term no-till with a cover crop –4 Short term no-till without a cover crop
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Study Area
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2003: Field corn in a rye cover crop 2003: Field corn in a rye cover crop 2002: Soybeans in a rye cover crop 2002: Soybeans in a rye cover crop http://www.sdnotill.com/membersh.htm
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Methods of Collection Pitfall Trap Catches surface insects Tullgren Traps Catches soil insects
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Methods of Calculation Abundance Abundance -Addition of all insects caught Diversity Diversity -Shannon index -Shannon index -D=-Σp i logp i -D=-Σp i logp i
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Factors Diversity Diversity Abundance Abundance Herbivore Herbivore Predators Predators Detritivores Detritivores
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Collection Dates Tullgren: July 15, 2003 July 28, 2003 July 28, 2003 Pitfall: July 15-17, 2003 July 28-30, 2003 July 28-30, 2003
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What was Found
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In The Pitfalls Orthoptera-crickets Orthoptera-crickets Hymenoptera-ants Hymenoptera-ants Isopoda-pill bugs Isopoda-pill bugs Araneae-spiders Araneae-spiders Ant Pill bug Cricket
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In the Tullgren Traps Mites Mites Collembola-springtails Collembola-springtails Diptera-flies Diptera-flies springtail Mesostigmatid mite
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Results treatments do not differ significantly at p> 0.05 aa
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Results a, b indicate treatments that differ significantly at p< 0.05 a a b b a a a a b b
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Results Total Abundance OrganicMatter Long term no-till with no cover crop 32.772.8% Long term no-till with cover crop 29.633.0% Short term no-till no cover crop 19.143.6% Short term no-till with cover crop 13.524.7%
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Conclusion Only the tullgren traps were studied in-depth Only the tullgren traps were studied in-depth Population may be migrating between plots Population may be migrating between plots Abundance of Arthropods was greater in the long term no-till fields Abundance of Arthropods was greater in the long term no-till fields soils.usda.gov/sqi/SoilBiology/ ATLAS103_LR.jpg
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Conclusion Michael Hutson studied that diversity may decrease as fertility of soil increases Michael Hutson studied that diversity may decrease as fertility of soil increases -competitors completely dominate fertile environments -competitors completely dominate fertile environments http://www.markscollection.com/christian/images/eden_riveroflife.jpg
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www.stitchability.co.uk/ permin_cross_stitch_samplers_7.htm
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