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Diabetes Insipidus Dr/ Abd Elghany Hefnawy
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Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH) Vasopressin Water retention and reabsorption of sodium
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Glucose -Bicarbonate -Na Blood -Na & K -Cl Glomerular filteration Ca, Ph, & Mg Na & K
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Etiology Central Nephrogenic Kidney affections Weak response to ADH Partial or complete failure of release of ADH -Hyperkalemia -Causion’s syndrome
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Clinical Signs
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Polydepsia Polyueria Thirst Dehydration Weakness and emaciation
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Emaciation Urinary incontinence
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Diagnosis Case history (Etiology and predisposing factors) Clinical signs Laboratory diagnosis Low urine Sp Gr. Water deprivation test Vasopressin Response test
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Water deprivation test For differentiation between central, nephrogenic DI and Psychogenic polydepsia Withholding of water until loss of 3-5% of body weight Urine Sp Gr is more than 1.035 Administration of ADH and measuring of urine Sp Gr Time of dehydration Urine Sp Gr post- ADH injection Normal40-80 hoursNot increased Central DI3-5 hoursIncreased Nephrogenic DI3-5 hoursNot increased
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Vasopressin Response test (Therapeutic diagnosis) Administration of 2-3 units of vasopressin (ADH) Temporary disappearance of polyueria with increase urine Sp Gr
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Treatment & control -Reduction of salty diet with low protein intake -ADH Injection up to 2 unites twice daily -Desmopressin acetate by nasal or ocular drops 1-4 drops /day
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ItemsDMDIRenal diseases Color of urine Dark yellowLike waterSlight yellow AspectClear Turbid PolyueriaSeverVery severAccording Sp Gr.HighVery LowLow GlucosueriaPresentAbsentAbsente AlbuminAbsenteabsentePresent Differential diagnosis of the causes of polyueria
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Dwarfism (GH Deficiency) Dr/ Abd Elghany Hefnawy
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Retardation of growth specially from weaning Retention of the baby coat Symmetrical alopecia Delayed eruption of the permanent teeth Testicular atrophy and abnormal estrous
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Treatment -Administration of GH 0.1 IU/Kg SC 3 times /week for 4-6 weeks -Sex hormones, thyroxin and glucocorticoids may be used
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Gigentism (Acromegaly) Dr/ Abd Elghany Hefnawy
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-Excessive production of progesterone during diestrous -Prolonged adminsteration of progestin for preventing of estrous -Tumor in the pituitary gland Etiology
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Excessive soft tissue around head and neck Excessive panting Exercise intolerance and fatigue Excessive skin folds Polyueria,polyphagia, polydepsia (Insulin resistant DM) as GH is diabetogenic
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Diagnosis Clinical signs Laboratory diagnosis Hyperglycemia Hypercholesroterolemia Glucoseueria Increased GH level
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Treatment -Administration of Insulin therapy to control of hyperglycemia -Overiohisterectomy -Stoppage of progestin therapy -Cobalt irradiation of pituitary tumor
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QUESTIONS
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وسائل التواصل Email: abdelghani72@yahoo.comabdelghani72@yahoo.com Abdelghany.hefnawy@bu.edu.eg Facebook abdelghany hefnawy د. عبد الغني حفناوي Web site to download lectures www.bu.edu.eg/staff/abdelghanyhefnawy www.bu.edu.eg/staff/abdelghanyhefnawy (Courses) Tel 01011676482
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