1. 4Chapter SECTION OPENER / CLOSER: INSERT BOOK COVER ART Negligence and Strict Liability Section 4.2

2. Understanding Business and Personal Law Negligence and Strict Liability Section 4.2 The Law of Torts What You’ll Learn How to define negligence (p. 88) How to explain the elements of negligence (p. 88)

3. Understanding Business and Personal Law Negligence and Strict Liability Section 4.2 The Law of Torts What You’ll Learn How to define the major defenses to negligence (p. 91) How to define strict liability (p. 92)

4. Understanding Business and Personal Law Negligence and Strict Liability Section 4.2 The Law of Torts Why It’s Important Because any person is a potential victim and a perpetrator of negligence, understanding this vital area of tort law will help you protect yourself legally.

5. Understanding Business and Personal Law Negligence and Strict Liability Section 4.2 The Law of Torts Legal Terms negligence (p. 88) strict liability (p. 88) breach of duty (p. 88) proximate cause (p. 90) contributory negligence (p. 91) comparative negligence (p. 92) assumption of risk (p. 92)

6. Understanding Business and Personal Law Negligence and Strict Liability Section 4.2 The Law of Torts Unintentional Torts Section Outline Negligence Elements of Negligence Defenses to Negligence Strict Liability

7. Understanding Business and Personal Law Negligence and Strict Liability Section 4.2 The Law of Torts Pre-Learning Question What do you think an unintentional tort is?

8. Understanding Business and Personal Law Negligence and Strict Liability Section 4.2 The Law of Torts A person can commit an unintentional tort, when he or she acts in a careless manner that results in an injury to a person, damage to property, or both. Negligence and strict liability are unintentional torts. Unintentional Torts

9. Understanding Business and Personal Law Negligence and Strict Liability Section 4.2 The Law of Torts 4.2 Intentional and Unintentional Torts Intentional Torts Examples When a person commits a wrong against another and knows and desires the consequences of his or her act. Assault and Battery Trespass False imprisonment Unintentional Torts Examples Negligence Strict liability When acting in a careless manner causes damage or injury. Torts

10. Understanding Business and Personal Law Negligence and Strict Liability Section 4.2 The Law of Torts Negligence is an accidental or unintentional tort resulting because of the failure to exercise the degree of care that a reasonable person would have exercised in the same circumstances. Unintentional Torts

11. Understanding Business and Personal Law Negligence and Strict Liability Section 4.2 The Law of Torts Strict liability is the doctrine that states that people engaged in ultrahazardous activities will be held liable, regardless of how careful they were and regardless of their intent. Unintentional Torts

12. Understanding Business and Personal Law Negligence and Strict Liability Section 4.2 The Law of Torts Pre-Learning Question What do you think are the elements of negligence?

13. Understanding Business and Personal Law Negligence and Strict Liability Section 4.2 The Law of Torts is an accidental or unintentional tort. is the tort that most often occurs in society today. Negligence

14. Understanding Business and Personal Law Negligence and Strict Liability Section 4.2 The Law of Torts duty of care breach of duty proximate cause actual harm Elements of Negligence

15. Understanding Business and Personal Law Negligence and Strict Liability Section 4.2 The Law of Torts All of us have a duty not to violate certain rights of others. The plaintiff must demonstrate that the defendant owed him or her duty of care. Duty of Care

16. Understanding Business and Personal Law Negligence and Strict Liability Section 4.2 The Law of Torts Julia was injured while diving at a public pool. The injury could have been avoided if the diving board had a guardrail. Julia sued the state’s Department of Health. Example of Duty of Care

17. Understanding Business and Personal Law Negligence and Strict Liability Section 4.2 The Law of Torts The court ruled the Department of Health had a duty to the state’s sanitary code, not a duty to inspect for safety problems. The Department of Health had no duty to Julia. Example of Duty of Care

18. Understanding Business and Personal Law Negligence and Strict Liability Section 4.2 The Law of Torts Breach of duty is the failure to use the degree of care that a reasonable person would exercise in that same situation. The words “reasonable person” must be used when instructing the jurors. Breach of Duty

19. Understanding Business and Personal Law Negligence and Strict Liability Section 4.2 The Law of Torts Define negligence.

20. Understanding Business and Personal Law Negligence and Strict Liability Section 4.2 The Law of Torts ANSWER Negligence is an accidental or unintentional tort and is the tort that occurs most often in society today.

21. Understanding Business and Personal Law Negligence and Strict Liability Section 4.2 The Law of Torts Proximate cause is the legal connection between unreasonable conduct and the resulting harm. Without proximate cause, the result would not have occurred. Proximate Cause

22. Understanding Business and Personal Law Negligence and Strict Liability Section 4.2 The Law of Torts The essence of any tort suit is a violation of a duty that results in injury to the plaintiff. The plaintiff must have actually suffered physical injury, property damage, or financial loss. Actual Harm

23. Understanding Business and Personal Law Negligence and Strict Liability Section 4.2 The Law of Torts contributory negligence comparative negligence assumption of risk Defenses to Negligence

24. Understanding Business and Personal Law Negligence and Strict Liability Section 4.2 The Law of Torts Behavior by the plaintiff that helps cause his or her injuries may be considered contributory negligence. Contributory Negligence

25. Understanding Business and Personal Law Negligence and Strict Liability Section 4.2 The Law of Torts The negligence of each party is compared under the doctrine of comparative negligence, and the amount of the plaintiff’s recovery is reduced by the percent of his or her negligence. Comparative Negligence

26. Understanding Business and Personal Law Negligence and Strict Liability Section 4.2 The Law of Torts If the defendant can show the plaintiff knew of the risk involved and still took the chance of being injured, he or she may claim assumption of risk. Assumption of Risk

27. Understanding Business and Personal Law Negligence and Strict Liability Section 4.2 The Law of Torts Pre-Learning Question Why is strict liability considered an unintentional tort?

28. Understanding Business and Personal Law Negligence and Strict Liability Section 4.2 The Law of Torts Strict Liability Some activities are so dangerous that the law will apply neither the principles of negligence nor the rules of intentional torts to them.

29. Understanding Business and Personal Law Negligence and Strict Liability Section 4.2 The Law of Torts Strict Liability According to strict liability, if these activities injure someone or damage property, the people engaged in the activities will be held liable, regardless of how careful they were and regardless of their intent.

30. Understanding Business and Personal Law Negligence and Strict Liability Section 4.2 The Law of Torts Reviewing What You Learned 1. 1.What is negligence? Section 4.2 Assessment

31. Understanding Business and Personal Law Negligence and Strict Liability Section 4.2 The Law of Torts Reviewing What You Learned An accidental or unintentional tort resulting because of the failure to exercise the degree of care that a reasonable person would have exercised in the same circumstances. Section 4.2 Assessment Answer

32. Understanding Business and Personal Law Negligence and Strict Liability Section 4.2 The Law of Torts Reviewing What You Learned 2. 2.What are the elements of negligence? Section 4.2 Assessment

33. Understanding Business and Personal Law Negligence and Strict Liability Section 4.2 The Law of Torts Reviewing What You Learned duty of care breach of duty proximate cause actual harm Section 4.2 Assessment Answer

34. Understanding Business and Personal Law Negligence and Strict Liability Section 4.2 The Law of Torts Reviewing What You Learned 3. 3.What are the major defenses to negligence? Section 4.2 Assessment

35. Understanding Business and Personal Law Negligence and Strict Liability Section 4.2 The Law of Torts Reviewing What You Learned Section 4.2 Assessment Answer contributory negligence comparative negligence assumption of risk

36. Understanding Business and Personal Law Negligence and Strict Liability Section 4.2 The Law of Torts Reviewing What You Learned 4. 4.What is strict liability? Section 4.2 Assessment

37. Understanding Business and Personal Law Negligence and Strict Liability Section 4.2 The Law of Torts Reviewing What You Learned The doctrine that states that people engaged in ultrahazardous activities will be held liable, regardless of how careful they were and regardless of their intent. Section 4.2 Assessment Answer

38. Understanding Business and Personal Law Negligence and Strict Liability Section 4.2 The Law of Torts Section 4.2 Assessment Critical Thinking Activity Defenses to Negligence Which defense to negligence do you feel is the most effective?

39. Understanding Business and Personal Law Negligence and Strict Liability Section 4.2 The Law of Torts Section 4.2 Assessment Answers will vary but should recognize that which defense is most effective will depend on the circumstances of the negligence. Critical Thinking Activity Answer Defenses to Negligence

40. Understanding Business and Personal Law Negligence and Strict Liability Section 4.2 The Law of Torts Section 4.2 Assessment Historically, some activities that we take for granted today were originally considered ultrahazardous. One such activity is the flying of an airplane. Legal Skills in Action Strict Liability

41. Understanding Business and Personal Law Negligence and Strict Liability Section 4.2 The Law of Torts Section 4.2 Assessment Imagine that you want to change the law relative to strict liability. Research and write a report on strict liability relative to airplanes, and demonstrate how the doctrine became obsolete in regard to that activity. Legal Skills in Action Strict Liability

42. Understanding Business and Personal Law Negligence and Strict Liability Section 4.2 The Law of Torts Section 4.2 Assessment Reports will vary but should cite references to support their findings. Legal Skills in Action Answer Strict Liability

43. 4Chapter SECTION OPENER / CLOSER: INSERT BOOK COVER ART Negligence and Strict Liability End of Section 4.2