1. Hindi Language & Heritage Communities Vijay Gambhir University of Pennsylvania

3. HERITAGE HINDI COMMUNITIES MLA DATA (5 years +) http://www.mla.org/cgi-shl/docstudio/docs.pl?map_data_results Total # of Speakers: 465,415

4. HINDI 2005 Total # of Speakers: 465,415 California 103,285 22.19% New York 49,786 10.69% New Jersey 45,398 9.75% Texas 32,074 6.89% Illinois 30,804 6.61% Georgia19,524 4.19% Virginia 17,643 3.79% Michigan 16,745 3.59% Maryland16,042 3.44% Florida 15,479 3.32% Pennsylvania 13,459 2.89% Massachusetts 13,289 2.85% Washington 9,751 2.09%

5. Ohio 9,229 1.98% Arizona 6,706 1.44% North Carolina 6,640 1.42% Connecticut 6,427 1.38% Wisconsin 5,787 1.24% Minnesota 5,587 1.20% Tennessee 5,122 1.10% Oregon 4,408 0.94% Nevada 3,107 0.66% Indiana 3,104 0.66% Kansas 2,548 0.54% Alabama 2,315 0.49% Missouri 2,298 0.49% Colorado 2,295 0.49% Utah 1,920 0.41% South Carolina 1,907 0.40% Oklahoma 1,488 0.31% Nebraska 1,345 0.28% Louisiana 1,107 0.23% New Hampshire 950 0.20%

6. Iowa 920 0.19% Arkansas 853 0.18% North Dakota 821 0.17% Mississippi 790 0.16% Delaware 740 0.15% Rhode Island 667 0.14% West Virginia 611 0.13% District of Columbia 589 0.12% New Mexico 481 0.10% Idaho 453 0.09% Montana 369 0.07% Hawai'i 284 0.06% Kentucky 141 0.03% Vermont 127 0.02%

7. Ability to speak English by age groups http://www.mla.org/map_data_results&SRVY_YEAR=2005

8. MLA 2005: Urdu Speakers Total: 262,671

9. SOME FACTS ABOUT HINDI Indo-Aryan branch of Indo-European Language Official language of Indian Union Lingua Franca Language of Bollywood (Hindi cinema) Language with a long literary tradition Language of popular politics Language of heritage identity Global communities (Nepal, Middle East, Fiji, Suriname, Canada, Britain, USA, etc.) Devanagari script ( सलाम नमस्ते )

10. Linguistic Properties of Hindi Diglossia (gap between formal & informal styles) Code-mixing (Hinglish) Code-switching

11. Varieties of Hindi Standard Hindi Regional varieties –Braj –Awadhi –Bhojpuri –Rajasthani –Etc.

12. Hindi & Urdu Relationship Are they different languages? Linguistic perspective –Grammar (phonology, morphology, syntax) –Vocabulary –Script Literary Perspective Historical Perspective Cultural perspective Political perspective Religious perspective

13. Role of English in India Associate official language Language of power & prestige Language of higher education Language of computers & Internet

14. Pedagogic Issues 1.How much Hinglish should be used in second language classrooms? 2. Should we teach Hindi & Urdu as two separate languages or one language? Hindi & Urdu Hindi-Urdu Hindi Urdu