1. Penulisan Pustaka Acuan

2. Sumber Acuan Buku (Books) Tulisan yang dipublikasikan hanya sekali, dan setiap bab yang terdapat didalamnya ditulis oleh penulis yang sama. Artikel dalam jurnal (Articles in Journals) Jurnal diterbitkan secara periodik, dan dalam berisi artikel yang biasanya ditulis oleh penulis yang berbeda setiap edisinya. Bab dalam Buku Hasil Penyuntingan (Chapters in edited Book) Koleksi artikel yang ditulis oleh beberapa penulis dan diedit serta digabungkan oleh penulis lainnya yang disebut editor, biasanya dalam suatu topik tertentu. Sumber di Internet (Internet Sources) Sejumlah informasi yang diperoleh melalui internet. ERIC Documents ERIC (Educational Resources Information Center), entitas yang disponsori oleh National Institute of Education. Sumber yang diisukan ERIC sebagian besar riset yang tidak terdapat di tempat lain. Banyak perpustakaan college yang men-subcribe ke ERIC Document.

3. Gaya Penulisan (Style) APA (American Phsycological Association) psychology, education, and other social sciences. MLA (Modern Language Association) literature, arts, and humanities. AMA (American Medical Association) medicine, health, and biological sciences. Turabian designed for college students to use with all subjects. Chicago used with all subjects in the "real world" by books, magazines, newspapers, and other non-scholarly publications.

4. Part of Citation Author(s) Date Title of Book Title of Article Title of Periodical Volume Pages Place of Publication Publisher Other Information

5. APA Style If you are using the style for Copy Manuscripts, doublespace all lines. If you are using the style for Final Manuscripts, singlespace all lines and skip a line in between each reference. Ask your professor which style to follow. Indent the second and following lines 5 to 7 spaces or one half inch. Use only the initials of the authors' first (and middle) names. If no author is given, start with the title and then the date. If you are using a typewriter that cannot produce italics, then use underlining instead. Magazine articles: include the month (and day) as shown under Newspapers. Websites: if the date the page was created is not given, use (n.d.). The rules concerning a title within a title are not displayed here for purposes of clarity. See the printed version of the manual for details.

6. MLA Style Doublespace all lines. Indent the second and following lines 5 spaces (or one half inch). If no author is given, start with the title. Abbreviate the names of all months except May, June, and July. If the encyclopedia does not arrange its articles alphabetically, treat the encyclopedia article as if it were a book article. Websites: include the title of the web page, the name of the entire web site, the organization that posted it (this may be the same as the name of the website). Also include the full date the page was created or last updated (day, month, year if available) and the date you looked at it.

7. MLA Style (2) Internet Magazine Articles: Include the company that provides the database service and its home webpage; the full date of the article (day, month, year if available) and the date you looked at it; as well as the library or other organization (and its location) that provided you with access to the service. If you are citing a journal instead of a magazine, include the volume (and issue number) and date as shown under the Journal Style above. The rules concerning a title within a title are not displayed here for purposes of clarity. See the printed version of the manual for details.

8. AMA Style Items are listed numerically in the order they are cited in the text. If you are using a typewriter and cannot use italics, then use underlining. Authors: use initials of first and second names with no spaces. Include up to six authors. If there are more than six, include the first three, followed by et al. If no author is given, start with the title. Books: include the edition statement (ex: 3rd ed. or Rev ed.) between the title and place if it is not the first edition. Place: use abbreviations of states, not postal codes.

9. AMA Style (2) Journals: abbreviate titles as shown in Index Medicus. If the journal does not paginate continuously through the volume, include the month (and day). Websites: include the name of the webpage, the name of the entire website, the full date of the page (if available), and the date you looked at it.

10. Turabian Style Indent the second and following lines 5 spaces. If you are using a typewriter and cannot use italics, then use underlining. If no author is given, start with the title and then the date. Websites: include the date the page was created (or updated) and the date you looked at it. The rules concerning a title within a title are not displayed here for purposes of clarity. See the printed version of the manual for details.

11. Chicago Style Indent the second and following lines. If no author is given, start with the title and then the date. If you are using a typewriter and cannot use italics, then use underlining. Websites: Include the year you looked at it, the date it was created or updated, and the full date you looked at it. Include the title of the web page, the name of the entire website, and the organization that posted it (these last two might be the same). The rules concerning a title within a title are not displayed here for purposes of clarity. See the printed version of the manual for details.

12. BOOK with One Author APA Lord, W. (1955). A night to remember. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston. MLA Lord, Walter. A Night to Remember. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1955. AMA 1. Lord W. A Night to Remember. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston;1955. Turabian Lord, Walter.1955. A night to remember. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston. Chicago Lord, Walter.1955. A night to remember. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.

13. BOOK with Two Authors APA Okuda, M., & Okuda, D. (1993). Star Trek chronology: The history of the future. New York: Pocket Books. MLA Okuda, Michael, and Denise Okuda. Star Trek Chronology: The History of the Future. New York: Pocket Books, 1993. AMA 1. Okuda M, Okuda D. Star Trek Chronology: the History of the Future. New York: Pocket Books; 1993. Turabian Okuda, Michael, and Denise Okuda. 1993. Star Trek chronology: The history of the future. New York: Pocket Books. Chicago Okuda, Michael, and Denise Okuda. 1993. Star Trek chronology: The history of the future. New York: Pocket Books.

14. BOOK ARTICLE OR CHAPTER APA James, N. E. (1988). Two sides of paradise: The Eden myth according to Kirk and Spock. In D. Palumbo (Ed.), Spectrum of the fantastic (pp. 219-223). Westport, CT: Greenwood. MLA James, Nancy E. "Two Sides of Paradise: The Eden Myth According to Kirk and Spock." Spectrum of the Fantastic. Ed. Donald Palumbo. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1988. 219-223. AMA 5. James NE. Two sides of paradise: the Eden myth according to Kirk and Spock. In: Palumbo D, ed. Spectrum of the Fantastic. Westport, Conn: Greenwood; 1988:219-223. Turabian James, Nancy E. 1988. Two sides of paradise: The Eden myth according to Kirk and Spock. In Spectrum of the fantastic, ed. Donald Palumbo, 219-223. Westport, CT: Greenwood. Chicago James, Nancy E. 1988. Two sides of paradise: The Eden myth according to Kirk and Spock. In Spectrum of the fantastic, edited by Donald Palumbo. Westport, CT: Greenwood.

15. NEWSPAPER ARTICLE APA Di Rado, A. (1995, March 15). Trekking through college: Classes explore modern society using the world of Star Trek. Los Angeles Times, p. A3. MLA Di Rado, Alicia. "Trekking through College: Classes Explore Modern Society Using the World of Star Trek." Los Angeles Times 15 Mar. 1995: A3. AMA 3. Di Rado A. Trekking through college: classes explore modern society using the world of Star Trek. Los Angeles Times. March 15, 1995:A3. Turabian Di Rado, Alicia. 1995. Trekking through college: Classes explore modern society using the world of Star Trek. Los Angeles Times, 15 March, A3. Chicago Di Rado, Alicia. 1995. Trekking through college: Classes explore modern society using the world of Star Trek. Los Angeles Times, 15 March, sec. A, p. 3.

16. JOURNAL OR MAGAZINE ARTICLE APA Wilcox, R. V. (1991). Shifting roles and synthetic women in Star Trek: The Next Generation. Studies in Popular Culture, 13(2), 53-65. MLA Wilcox, Rhonda V. "Shifting Roles and Synthetic Women in Star Trek: The Next Generation." Studies in Popular Culture 13.2 (1991): 53-65. AMA 1. Wilcox RV. Shifting roles and synthetic women in Star Trek: The Next Generation. Stud Pop Culture. 1991;13:53-65. Turabian Wilcox, Rhonda V. 1991. Shifting roles and synthetic women in Star Trek: The Next Generation. Studies in Popular Culture 13 (June): 53- 65. Chicago Wilcox, Rhonda V. 1991. Shifting roles and synthetic women in Star Trek: The Next Generation. Studies in Popular Culture 13 (2): 53-65.

17. ENCYCLOPEDIA ARTICLE APA Sturgeon, T. (1995). Science fiction. In The encyclopedia Americana (Vol. 24, pp. 390-392). Danbury, CT: Grolier. MLA Sturgeon, Theodore. "Science Fiction." The Encyclopedia Americana. Ed. Patricia Bayer, et al. Danbury, CT: Grolier Incorporated, 1995. AMA 4. Sturgeon T. Science fiction. In: Lorimer LT, editorial director; Cummings C, ed-in-chief; Leish KW, managing ed. The Encyclopedia Americana. Vol 24. International ed. Danbury, Conn: Grolier Incorporated; 1995:390-392.

18. ENCYCLOPEDIA ARTICLE (2) Turabian Well-known reference books used as sources are not included in the Reference List but are cited in parentheses within the text. (Theodore Sturgeon, "Science fiction," in Encyclopedia Americana, 1995 ed.) Chicago Reference books used as sources are not included in the Reference List but are cited in the text. Examples: In his article on science fiction in the 1995 edition of the Encyclopedia Americana, Theodore Sturgeon says that the phrase, science fiction, was created by Hugo Gernsback. Theodore Sturgeon says that the phrase, science fiction, was created by Hugo Gernsback (Encyclopedia Americana, 1995 ed., s.v. "science fiction.").

19. WEBSITE APA Lynch, T. (1996). DSN trials and tribble-ations review. Retrieved October 8, 1997, from Psi Phi: Bradley's Science Fiction Club Web site: http://www.bradley.edu/campusorg/psiphi/DS9/ep/ 503r.html MLA Lynch, Tim. "DSN Trials and Tribble-ations Review." Psi Phi: Bradley's Science Fiction Club. 1996. Bradley University. 8 Oct. 1997.. AMA 7. Lynch T. DSN Trials and tribble-ations review. Psi Phi: Bradley's Science Fiction Club Web site. 1996. Available at: http://www.bradley.edu /campusorg/psiphi/DS9/ep/503r.htm. Accessed October 8, 1997.

20. WEBSITE (2) Turabian Lynch, Tim. 1996. DSN Trials and Tribble-ations review [on-line]. Peoria, IL: Bradley University; available from http://www.bradley.edu/ campusorg/psiphi/DS9/ep/503r.html; Internet; accessed 8 October 1997. Chicago Lynch, Tim. 1997. DSN Trials and Tribble-ations Review. In Psi Phi: Bradley's Science Fiction Club [online]. Peoria, IL: Bradley University, 1996 [cited 8 October 1997]. Available from World Wide Web:.

21. ERIC Documents APA Fuss-Reineck, M. (1993). Sibling communication in Star Trek: The Next Generation: Conflicts between brothers. Miami, FL: Annual Meeting of the Speech Communication Association. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 364932) MLA Fuss-Reineck, Marilyn. Sibling Communication in Star Trek: The Next Generation: Conflicts between Brothers. Miami, FL: Speech Communication Association; Springfield, VA: ERIC Document Reproduction Service, 1993. ED364932. AMA 6. Fuss-Reineck M. Sibling Communication in Star Trek: The Next Generation: Conflicts Between Brothers. Miami, Fla: Annual Meeting of the Speech Communication Association; 1993. ERIC Document Reproduction Service ED364932.

22. ERIC Documents (2) Turabian Fuss-Reineck, Marilyn. 1993. Sibling communication in Star Trek: The Next Generation: Conflicts between brothers. Miami, FL: Speech Communication Assocation. ERIC, ED 364 932. Chicago Fuss-Reineck, Marilyn. 1993. Sibling communication in Star Trek: The Next Generation: Conflicts between brothers. Miami, FL: Speech Communication Association. ERIC, ED 364932.

23. Acuan Modern Language Association of America. MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing. Ed. Joseph Gibaldi. 2 nd ed. New York: The MLA, 1998. Schwartz, Davis. “Citation Style for Research Paper”. B.Davis Schwartz Memorial Library. 13 Nov. 2001.