Principles of Information Technology

Principles of Information Technology
Formatting a Research Paper: Using MLA style Note to instructor: There are many aspects to the MLA format standards that are NOT included in this lesson. Only the most commonly encountered aspects of the MLA format are addressed in this lesson. Note to instructor: The statistics presented in the research paper example are completely fictional and were only produced for the purpose of teaching MLA format; not to present factual information or sway anyone’s opinion on any of the topics presented. IT: Principles of IT – Formatting a Research Paper using MLA Format Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. Trade & Industrial Education

Principles of IT TEKS Associated with Lesson
The student applies word-processing technology. The student is expected to (A) identify the terminology associated with word-processing software and its functions; (C) edit a variety of text documents using functions such as pagination, appropriate white space, tab settings, and font style, size, and color; (E) apply formatting techniques to a multipage research paper using approved publication standards such as American Psychological Association and Modern Language Association. IT: Principles of IT – Formatting a Research Paper using MLA Format Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. Trade & Industrial Education

Lesson Objectives Identify the purpose of the Modern Language Association Identify the steps to apply MLA format Identify the characteristics of MLA format Identify functions of word-processing software tools associated with research paper format Apply MLA format to a research paper including quotations and works cited For this lesson, we are going to assume that students already know how to gather information for a research paper and how to write a draft of the research paper. IT: Principles of IT – Formatting a Research Paper using MLA Format Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. Trade & Industrial Education

Modern Language Association
Purpose of MLA The object of the association shall be to promote study, criticism, and research in the more and less commonly taught modern languages and their literatures, and to further the common interests of teachers of these subjects. (taken from IT: Principles of IT – Formatting a Research Paper using MLA Format Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. Trade & Industrial Education

Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved.
MLA Publications MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers Step-by-step instructions for formatting a research paper for high school and undergraduate work at college This format is widely accepted across the world by schools, colleges, universities, literary journals, and magazines MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing Step-by-step instructions for formatting research documents for graduate level work such as theses or dissertations You can purchase the printed version or the electronic version Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. IT: Principles of IT – Formatting a Research Paper Using MLA Format Trade & Industrial Education

MLA Publications When you purchase the printed version, you will receive an account code that allows you to create a user account on the MLA website The website allows you access to the electronic version The electronic version contains items and examples that are not in the printed version The electronic version also has a search function for quick and easy locating of the item in question IT: Principles of IT – Formatting a Research Paper using MLA Format Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. Trade & Industrial Education

MLA Research Paper Formatting Steps
Select your topic Obtain writings on this topic Type a draft of your paper Decide where you can insert quotations For this example, we are going to assume that steps 1-4 have already been completed. The image shows an example of a draft of a research paper with NO formatting applied. IT: Principles of IT – Formatting a Research Paper using MLA Format Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. Trade & Industrial Education

Look up the formatting guidelines in the MLA handbook and apply them to your paper Choose font style and size This is sometimes given to you by the instructor If not given, use Times New Roman size 12 Tip: Hold Ctrl while pressing the A key on the keyboard. This will select all the text of your document, which makes formatting quick and easy. IT: Principles of IT – Formatting a Research Paper using MLA Format Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. Trade & Industrial Education

Look up the formatting guidelines in the MLA handbook and apply them to your paper Left align text Tab once at beginning of new paragraph Set Page Margins: Top, Bottom, Left, and Right margins should be set at 1” IT: Principles of IT – Formatting a Research Paper using MLA Format Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. Trade & Industrial Education

Look up the formatting guidelines in the MLA handbook and apply them to your paper Set line spacing to double Leave one space after the period at the end of a sentence (unless otherwise noted by the instructor) IT: Principles of IT – Formatting a Research Paper using MLA Format Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. Trade & Industrial Education

Create the Title Block Start at left of first line Type your full name Strike enter Type instructor’s name Type course name Type the date John Smith Mrs. Jones English II May 20, 2010 The first 5 lines of the document are called the Title Block. Trade & Industrial Education

Create the Title Block Type the title Center the title Do not use bold, italics, or change the font size Use Title Case – not all caps John Smith Mrs. Jones English II May 20, 2010 Going Green in Today’s Society Title case is when you capitalize only the first letter of the first word, last word, and the other major words of the title. IT: Principles of IT – Formatting a Research Paper using MLA Format Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. Trade & Industrial Education

6 Format the quotations a) Locate each quote and place quotations marks at beginning and end - Add ( ) at end of quote followed by ending punctuation mark - Place page number of quote inside the parentheses According to a poll in Fake News magazine “74% of the public who were polled answered ‘yes’ to this question: Do you think there should be a law enacted to make it illegal to own a Pit Bull” (21)? I think Pit Bulls should be judged as individuals, not as a whole breed. We should not hold the whole breed responsible for the negative actions by a few. Anything copied word-for-word from a source must be enclosed in quotation marks. Following the ending quotation mark should be parentheses with the page number of the source where the quote was taken from. The ending punctuation mark of the copied quote is moved from inside the quotation marks to after the parentheses. Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. IT: Principles of IT – Formatting a Research Paper Using MLA Format Trade & Industrial Education

6 Format the quotations b) Titles should be italicized: Books Magazines Journals Websites Newspapers Music Albums Movies According to a poll in Fake News magazine “74% of the public who were polled answered ‘yes’ to this question: Do you think there should be a law enacted to make it illegal to own a Pit Bull” (21)? I think Pit Bulls should be judged as individuals, not as a whole breed. We should not hold the whole breed responsible for the negative actions by a few. Title of books, magazines, journals, websites, newspapers, music albums, and movies should all be italicized. Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. IT: Principles of IT – Formatting a Research Paper Using MLA Format Trade & Industrial Education

6 Format the quotations c) Titles of articles that appear inside these publications should be in quotation marks: Books Magazines Journals Websites Newspapers Music Albums Movies According to the article “Dangerous Pets” in Fake News magazine “74% of the public who were polled answered ‘yes’ to this question: Do you think there should be a law enacted to make it illegal to own a Pit Bull” (21)? I think Pit Bulls should be judged as individuals, not as a whole breed. We should not hold the whole breed responsible for the negative actions by a few. Titles of articles inside of books, magazines, newspapers etc. should be placed in quotation marks. Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. IT: Principles of IT – Formatting a Research Paper Using MLA Format Trade & Industrial Education

6 Format the quotations d) If a quote takes up more than 4 lines, it should be set apart by beginning it on a new line and indenting it from the left margin by 1”. Unfortunately, some people only remember the most high-profile reports of the media which usually are about Pit Bulls. According to the article “Dangerous Pets” in Fake News magazine: There are a variety of pets that fall into what can be considered a dangerous category. For example Rattlesnakes and Boa Constrictors, have been known to cause human death by venomous bite or strangulation by squeezing. Certainly these are dangerous animals yet there is no law that prohibits you from owning one of them as a pet. (21) I think Pit Bulls should be judged as individuals, not as a whole breed. We should not hold the whole breed responsible for the negative actions by a few. The first line of the quote is not tabbed in further than the following lines. To indent the text, click on the paragraph dialog box button. Look for the Indentation section. Next to the Left option, change the number of inches to 1.0; click OK. Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. IT: Principles of IT – Formatting a Research Paper Using MLA Format Trade & Industrial Education

6 Format the quotations d) If a quote takes up more than 4 lines, it should NOT have quotation marks, and the punctuation mark should NOT be moved to outside the parentheses. The quotation should be preceded by a colon. Unfortunately, some people only remember the most high-profile reports of the media which usually are about Pit Bulls. According to the article “Dangerous Pets” in Fake News magazine: There are a variety of pets that fall into what can be considered a dangerous category. For example Rattlesnakes and Boa Constrictors, have been known to cause human death by venomous bite or strangulation by squeezing. Certainly these are dangerous animals yet there is no law that prohibits you from owning one of them as a pet. (21) I think Pit Bulls should be judged as individuals, not as a whole breed. We should not hold the whole breed responsible for the negative actions by a few. Most often, the quote should be preceded by a colon. But there are a few instances in which it might be preceded by a comma or even by nothing. Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. IT: Principles of IT – Formatting a Research Paper Using MLA Format Trade & Industrial Education

6 Format the quotations e) If quoting a short piece of a poem or lines of lyrics, place in quotation marks and separate the lines by a slash mark (/). The bond between an owner and pet was conveyed so well in a poem by Sally Collinsworth, “My dog is my best friend / Always loyal to the end” (6). People keep dogs as pets for companionship. Pit bulls make good companions just like any other dog. Again, the quotation marks are followed by the parentheses with the page number of the source with final punctuation mark after. Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. IT: Principles of IT – Formatting a Research Paper Using MLA Format Trade & Industrial Education

6 Format the quotations f) If quoting a long piece of a poem or lines of lyrics (more than 3 lines),format it the same as you would a long quote The bond between an owner and pet was conveyed in “Loyal to the End” by Sally Collinsworth: The picture on the wall The one above the fireplace Is of an animal Displaying beauty and grace. He’s watched me so closely Learned my habits and ways He’s known me so well For all of my days To you, he’s a dog To me, he’s a friend And no matter what else He’s been loyal to the end. (6) With proper training and the right environment, pit bulls could be kept as companions. Start on next line, indent paragraph by 1”, do NOT use quotation marks, do NOT put ending punctuation after the parenthesis. IT: Principles of IT – Formatting a Research Paper Using MLA Format Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. Trade & Industrial Education

6 Format the quotations g) If the author of the quote is not presented in the text preceding the quote, then add the author’s last name inside the parentheses before the page number. If pit bulls are raised from birth to be domesticated, they wouldn’t ever turn vicious. “People expect Pit Bulls to be vicious so they are oftentimes misjudged by passersby” (Martinez 4). A Pit Bull could be very gentle and loving, just like any other dog, it all depends on how that dog was treated. This rule applies to all quotations, short or long. If the author’s name is not mentioned in the sentence preceding the quote, then the last name of the author should be placed inside the parentheses with the page number. A space should be added between the author’s last name and page number. Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. IT: Principles of IT – Formatting a Research Paper Using MLA Format Trade & Industrial Education

6 Format the quotations h) Using a chart - Identification goes below the chart - The chart is numbered in sequence - Give a descriptive caption Below is a chart from the research he published in Fake News Magazine: Fig. 1. A chart comparing the number of attacks and number of fatal attacks of 4 different breeds of dogs. Each picture, graphic, image, etc., is considered a figure. Beneath each figure should appear the abbreviation Fig. Following Fig. should be a space and then an Arabic number (1, 2, ) These numbers should be sequential as the images appear in the report. After the number is a period, then a space, then a text description of what the image is about. IT: Principles of IT – Formatting a Research Paper Using MLA Format Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. Trade & Industrial Education

7 Format the Works Cited Section a) Begin the works cited section on the next page (Hold Ctrl and press Enter to go to the top of next page) Type the title Works Cited Center the title—do not bold or use caps Matheson 4 Works Cited The works cited section will contain a list of the books, magazines, etc., that you took quotes from for your research paper. The list needs to contain items such as titles, authors, publishing information, and how you viewed the material (online, electronic, or printed). Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. IT: Principles of IT – Formatting a Research Paper Using MLA Format Trade & Industrial Education

7 Format the Works Cited Section b) Each entry begins on a new line Each entry begins at the left margin Set the paragraph format to hanging indent Matheson 4 Works Cited Martinez, Ruth. The Nature of the Beast. Chicago: Beston Publishing, Print. Reyes, Jean, and Daryl Simpson. When Pets Turn Against Their Owners. New York: Herald Muldoon Publishing, Print. Telles, Brent Gerald, Jr. The Temperament of Various Breeds of Dogs. Atlanta: Roland Brothers Publishing House, Print. Hanging indent is when the first line starts at the left margin and the following lines of that entry are indented 1”. To format hanging indent, click the paragraph dialog box. Under the Indentation section, locate the Special option. Click on the drop down arrow under the Special section and choose hanging; then click OK. Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. IT: Principles of IT – Formatting a Research Paper Using MLA Format Trade & Industrial Education

7 Format the Works Cited Section c) Books are formatted using this structure: Last name of author, First name of author. Title of Book. Publication City: Name of Publisher, Year of Publication. Manner in which you viewed the book. Matheson 4 Works Cited Martinez, Ruth. The Nature of the Beast. Chicago: Beston Publishing, Print. Every punctuation mark matters in the structure. The title of the book should be in italics. Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. IT: Principles of IT – Formatting a Research Paper Using MLA Format Trade & Industrial Education

7 Format the Works Cited Section d) Books with two authors are formatted using this structure: Last name of author, First name of author, and First name of author Last name of author. Title of Book. Publication City: Name of Publisher, Year of Publication. Manner in which you viewed the book. Matheson 4 Works Cited Reyes, Jean, and Daryl Simpson. When Pets Turn Against Their Owners. New York: Herald Muldoon Publishing, Print. Every punctuation mark matters in the structure. The title of the book should be in italics. Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. IT: Principles of IT – Formatting a Research Paper Using MLA Format Trade & Industrial Education

7 Format the Works Cited Section e) Magazine Articles are formatted using this structure: Last name of author, First name of author. “Title of Article.” Name of Magazine Date of the Issue: Page numbers of the article. Manner in which you viewed the article. Matheson 4 Works Cited Bartell, James. “Dangerous Pets.” Fake News 21 Feb. 2010: CD-ROM. Every punctuation mark matters in the structure. Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. IT: Principles of IT – Formatting a Research Paper Using MLA Format Trade & Industrial Education

7 Format the Works Cited Section e) Magazine Articles are formatted using this structure: Last name of author, First name of author. “Title of Article.” Name of Magazine Date of the Issue: Page numbers of the article. Manner in which you viewed the article. Matheson 4 Works Cited Bartell, James. “Dangerous Pets.” Fake News 21 Feb. 2010: 8+. CD-ROM. If the article spans non-consecutive pages, list the first page number of the article followed by a plus sign. Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. IT: Principles of IT – Formatting a Research Paper Using MLA Format Trade & Industrial Education

7 Format the Works Cited Section f) A poem within a book is formatted using this structure: Last name of author, First name of author. “Title of Poem.” Trans. Name of Translator. Name of Book. Ed. Name of Editor. City of Publication: Publisher, Publication Date. Page numbers of the poem. Manner in which you viewed the article. Matheson 4 Works Cited Collinsworth, Sally. “Loyal to the End.” Trans. Brandon Holman. Poems for the Pet Lover in You. Ed. Paul Clayton. New York: Houghton Mifflin, Print. Every punctuation mark matters in the structure. The abbreviation Trans. Means translator. Ed. Means editor. You can usually find this information on the first few pages of the book, or near the back of the book. Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. IT: Principles of IT – Formatting a Research Paper Using MLA Format Trade & Industrial Education

7 Format the Works Cited Section g) The final step of the works cited page format is to alphabetize the entries by the first letter of the entry. 8 Submitting Completed work a) place pages in sequential order b) staple or paper clip together in upper left corner Matheson 4 Works Cited Bartell, James. “Dangerous Pets.” Fake News 21 Feb. 2010: 8+. CD-ROM. Collinsworth, Sally. “Loyal to the End.” Trans. Brandon Holman. Poems for the Pet Lover in You. Ed. Paul Clayton. New York: Houghton Mifflin, Print. Martinez, Ruth. The Nature of the Beast. Chicago: Beston Publishing, Print. Reyes, Jean, and Daryl Simpson. When Pets Turn Against Their Owners. New York: Herald Muldoon Publishing, Print. Telles, Brent Gerald, Jr. The Temperament of Various Breeds of Dogs. Atlanta: Roland Brothers Publishing House, Print. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers – page 121 – 122, 131 IT: Principles of IT – Formatting a Research Paper Using MLA Format Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. Trade & Industrial Education

Resources Structure and format rules were taken from the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, 7th edition. ISBN: Published by the Modern Language Association of America Published in New York, 2009 Copyright © Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. IT: Principles of IT – Formatting a Research Paper Using MLA Format Trade & Industrial Education

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